马、轮子和语言
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language
David W. Anthony · 初版 2007 年
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为什么值得读
- 展现语言学与考古学交叉考证古代历史的威力
- 通过马齿磨损等微观化石证据推演游牧文明扩散
- 包含如印欧语熊名禁忌等引人入胜的文化假说
全世界大约有一半的人口所使用的语言，都源自一个被称为Proto-Indo-European的共同语言源头。但这一古老母语的早期使用者究竟是谁，他们又是如何将其传播到世界各地的？直到现在，他们的身份对语言学家、考古学家，乃至企图追寻雅利安人种根源的纳粹分子来说，始终是一个诱人而未解的谜团。The Horse, the Wheel, and Language揭开了长期笼罩在这些印欧始祖身上的神秘面纱，展示了他们对马的驯化和对轮子的使用如何推动了语言的传播并改变了人类文
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……它——那就是操原始印欧语（PIE）的颜那亚人（Yamnaya）从高加索席卷而来，屠杀了除巴斯克人之外的绝大多数人（尤其是男性）。这并不美好，但事实就是如此。顺便提一句，《马、车轮与语言》（2010）https://erenow.com/ancient/the-horse-the-wheel-and-language/ 是一本可以免费获取的书，它展示了将传统的文献学/历史语言学与考古学巧妙结合究竟能走多远……
…it --- it's that the PIE-speaking Yamnaya swept in from the caucuses and slaughtered mostly everyone (especially men) except the Basques. It's not pretty, but that's the way it was. Incidentally, The Horse, The Wheel and Language (2010) https://erenow.com/ancient/the-horse-the-wheel-and-language/ is a freely available book that shows just how far a well-deployed combination of good-old philology/historical linguistics and archaeologocal…
扯远一点，不过回到你举的具体例子上：关于这个有一本很不错的书，叫《马、车轮与语言》[1]。如果你想了解如何通过分析马牙化石上的马嚼子磨损痕迹，那这本书非常棒。哦，还有关于印欧语系的知识。编辑：我说的“你”并不是特指楼上，而是指“读者”……
Off topic, but on the topic of your specific example: there's a nice book called The Horse, The Wheel, and Language[1] about this. Great if you want to learn about analysing fossil horse teeth for bridle bit wear. Oh, and about Indo-European languages. Edit: By 'you" I didn't mean parent specifically but "the reader".…
我一直在啃大卫·安东尼的《马、车轮与语言》（顺便说一句，如果有人感兴趣的话，这书写得真好），里面关于原始印欧人对直呼“熊”的名字有着某种宗教禁忌的说法，是我最喜欢的理论之一。我一直……
I've been making my way through David Anthony's The Horse, the Wheel and Language (really well-written book if anyone is interested, btw) and the thing about Proto-Indo-Europeans having some kind of religious taboo against naming bears is one of my favorite theories in it. I've been…
……前往遥远的牧场成为可能。与此同时，早期驯化的马匹可能使新近游牧化的颜那亚人能够管理更大的畜群。这些创新共同开辟了一片广阔的新天地。另见《马、车轮与语言》。如果你喜欢考古学，非常推荐。https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Horse,_the_Wheel,_and_Lang...
…distant pastures possible. Meanwhile, early domesticated horses might have enabled the newly nomadic Yamnaya to manage bigger herds. Together, the innovations opened up a vast new landscape. See also The Horse, The Wheel, and Language. Recommended if you like archaeology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Horse,_the_Wheel,_and_Lang...
这几年津津有味地看完 Simon Roper 的视频后，我读了大卫·W·安东尼写的《马、车轮与语言》。如果你对这个话题感兴趣，我绝对推荐这本书。它进行了相当详尽的探索……
I read a book called The Horse, The Wheel, and Language by David W. Anthony after watching Simon Roper videos with great interest for the last couple of years. I can definitely recommend that if you're interested in the topic. A pretty detailed exploration…
如果你觉得这个有意思并想深入探究，我推荐大卫·安东尼的《马、车轮与语言》。这本书在学术上堪称杰作，但又通俗易懂。它融合了语言学、遗传学、考古学，以及跨学科与学科内部的激烈学术辩论……
If you found this interesting and want to dive deeper, I recommend 'The Horse the Wheel and Language' by David Anthony. The book is an intellectual tour de force, yet easily approachable. Integrating linguistics, genetics, archaeology and vigorous academic debate within and across the disciplines,…