刺猬与狐狸
The hedgehog and the fox
Isaiah Berlin · 初版 1953 年
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为什么值得读
- 通才与专才之争的经典分析文本
- 将两种思维框架应用于作家与哲学家
- 剖析托尔斯泰历史观与人类无力感的悲剧
“狐狸知道许多事情，但刺猬知道一件大事。”这句古希腊格言出自诗人 Archilochus 的残篇，它概括了 Isaiah Berlin 探讨 Leo Tolstoy 及其历史哲学的名篇之核心论点，该论题也是 War and Peace 尾声的主题。尽管对这句格言有诸多阐释，但 Berlin 用它来标示两类人之间的根本区别：一类人着迷于事物的无限多样性，另一类人则将一切归结为一个核心且包罗万象的体系。将这句格言应用于 Tolstoy，阐明了一个……
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对“通才还是专才”之争感兴趣的人，不妨去读读以赛亚·伯林关于这个主题的经典随笔《刺猬与狐狸》：https://www.blogs.hss.ed.ac.uk/crag/files/2016/06/the_hedgeh...
Those interested in the generalist/specialist debate could do worse than to read Isaiah Berlin's classic essay on the subject, The Hedgehog and the Fox: https://www.blogs.hss.ed.ac.uk/crag/files/2016/06/the_hedgeh...
……大人物理论在《战争与和平》中体现得最为淋漓尽致，托尔斯泰在书中大段大段地探讨伟人们（显然包括拿破仑在内）虚妄的重要性。或者正如以赛亚·伯林在《刺猬与狐狸：论托尔斯泰的历史观》中所言，托尔斯泰察觉到了人类生活的“核心悲剧”：……要是人们能意识到，他们之中最聪明、最有天赋的人所能掌控的事情是多么微不足道，他们……
…Great Man Theory is best expressed in War and Peace, where Tolstoy goes on long discussions on the imaginary significance of great men, including obviously Napoleon. Or, as Isaiah Berlin says in the "Hedgehog and the Fox: An Essay on Tolstoy's View of History," Tolstoy perceived a "central tragedy" of human life: ...if only men would learn how little the cleverest and most gifted among them can control, how little they…
这看起来像是把以赛亚·伯林《刺猬与狐狸》里的概念过度复杂化推导出来的：伯林……将作家和思想家分为两类：刺猬，他们透过单一且统领一切的核心理念来看待世界（列举的例子包括柏拉图、卢克莱修、但丁·阿利吉耶里、布莱兹·……
This seems like an overly-complex derivation of Isaiah Berlin's concept of The Hedgehog and the Fox: Berlin...divides writers and thinkers into two categories: hedgehogs, who view the world through the lens of a single defining idea (examples given include Plato, Lucretius, Dante Alighieri, Blaise…
有些评论让我想起了以赛亚·伯林最著名的一篇随笔，他在文中区分了两种典型原型：刺猬和狐狸。“狐狸知晓很多事情，而刺猬只知一件大事。”用他在 1953 年的随笔《刺猬与狐狸》中的话来意译就是：“希腊诗人阿基罗库斯的残篇中有这样一句诗：……
Some of the comments make me remind of an Isaiah Berlin’s best known essay in which he distinguishes between two archetypes: the hedgehog and the fox. “The fox knows many things; the hedgehog knows but one.” To paraphrase him in his 1953 essay— The Hedgehog and the Fox: "There is a line among the fragments of the Greek poet Archilochus which says:…
这个说法源自以赛亚·伯林的随笔《刺猬与狐狸》。刺猬知晓“一件大事”，而狐狸通晓“许多小事”。在那项关于专家预测的研究中，那些拥有万能通用框架并生搬硬套到每个问题上的专家，预测表现往往极差……
It comes from an essay by Isaiah Berlin, The Hedgehog and the Fox. Hedgehogs know "one big thing" and Foxes know "lots of little things". In the expert prediction study, experts who had a universal framework which they extended rigidly to every problem performed poorly…
我觉得你想说的应该是以赛亚·伯林的《刺猬与狐狸》：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hedgehog_and_the_Fox 如果你喜欢那篇，可能也会喜欢菲利普·泰特洛克的《专家的政治判断》（Expert Political Judgement），这本书就运用了刺猬与狐狸的隐喻来分析……
I think you're thinking of Isaiah Berlin's The Hedgehog and the Fox: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hedgehog_and_the_Fox If you like that, you might also like the book Expert Political Judgement by Philip Tetlock which uses the Hedgehog and Fox metaphor to analyze…