两种自由概念
Two concepts of liberty
Isaiah Berlin · 初版 1958 年
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为什么值得读
- 概念划分洞察深刻且逻辑结构极其清晰纯粹
- 还原被大众政治神话简化并误读的自由概念
- 为探讨言论自由及政治权利提供坚实理论基石
《Dos conceptos de libertad》是对多元主义与个人自由的捍卫。哲学家 Isaiah Berlin（1909—1997）的著作是西方多元主义最坚定的辩护之一。他著名的论文《Dos conceptos de libertad》为其思想提供了一个易于入门的切入点。Berlin 对自由概念的敏锐分析至今仍在影响着我们当下的社会政治思想。
Hacker News 上怎么说
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所谓积极自由/消极自由那一套，基本上就是自由意志主义者对以赛亚·伯林著名论文《两种自由概念》（Two Concepts of Liberty http://www.nyu.edu/projects/nissenbaum/papers/twoconcepts.pd...）的一种简化、缺乏细致理解的解读。这种事情最好还是去看原著，别光看它在互联网政治民间神话里被传成了什么样。
The positive/negative rights thing is basically the libertarians adopting a simplified and less-nuanced reading of Isaiah Berlin's famous essay, "Two Concepts of Liberty" http://www.nyu.edu/projects/nissenbaum/papers/twoconcepts.pd... It's better to go to the originals on things like this then to read what they've become in the political folk mythology on the internets.
我也推荐以赛亚·伯林的《两种自由概念》http://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/fileadmin/wiso_vwl/johannes/A...
I would also recommend Isaiah Berlin's Two Concepts of Liberty http://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/fileadmin/wiso_vwl/johannes/A...
……以及消极自由”是否具体且实用？就我个人而言，我觉得它见解极其深刻，但本质上又非常简单——在我看来，这正是一个优秀思想家的标志。https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Concepts_of_Liberty
…and negative liberty” to be specific and useful? Personally, I think it’s incredibly insightful yet fundamentally very simple, which is the mark of a good thinker IMO. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Concepts_of_Liberty
……人们被允许在他们面前探讨正义、节制以及将来的审判。奴隶制容不下言论自由 [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfhQhdA-zss 《两种自由概念》入门导读。[2] https://www.newsweek.com/anti-semitism-derail-black-lives-ma... [3] https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/07/28/you-cant-defeat-rac... [4] https://lawliberty.org/frederick-douglass-plea-for-freedom-o...…
…men are allowed to reason of righteousness, temperance, and of a judgment to come in their presence. Slavery cannot tolerate free speech [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfhQhdA-zss A primer in the two concepts of liberty. [2] https://www.newsweek.com/anti-semitism-derail-black-lives-ma... [3] https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/07/28/you-cant-defeat-rac... [4] https://lawliberty.org/frederick-douglass-plea-for-freedom-o...…
……支持 NAP[1]（不侵犯原则），同时也捍卫公正法律制度的必要性。它捍卫的是消极权利，而不是积极权利，并不是说没有权利和义务。参见以赛亚·伯林的《两种自由概念》[2]。针对你的补充修改回复：在霍布斯的自然状态下，人人都有权做自己认为保全自身所必需的任何事（比如，包括杀人）。而对兰德来说，人拥有的权利……
…supports the NAP[1], as well as defending the necessity of an impartial law system. It just defends negative rights, instead of positives ones, not a lack of rights and obligations. See Isaiah Berlin's Two Concepts of Liberty[2]. EDIT to your EDIT: in Hobbes' state of nature, everyone has the right do to whatever one thinks is necessary for one's own preservation (including, say, killing others). For Rand, one has the right…
……某些东西，比如教育或类似机构。出版商控制售出书籍后续去向的自由，根本不属于消极自由（免于受制于人的自由，freedom from）的范畴。我的理解基于以赛亚·伯林的《两种自由概念》。
…something, like education or similar institutions. The freedom of a publisher to control what happens to sold books isn't at all part of negative freedom (freedom from). I'm basing my understanding on the Two Concepts of Liberty by Isaiah Berlin.