古代经济
The ancient economy
M. I. Finley · 初版 1973 年
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要研究古代世界的经济，必须首先抛弃许多在Sir Moses Finley指出其无用或具误导性之前曾看似不言自明的预设。这些充满睿智、思想丰饶且时带锋芒的论文集如今重新出版，并附有Ian Morris撰写的全新前言，在今天读来依然如Finley初作时那般令人振奋。
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The ancient economy
M. I. Finley · 初版 1973 年
要研究古代世界的经济，必须首先抛弃许多在Sir Moses Finley指出其无用或具误导性之前曾看似不言自明的预设。这些充满睿智、思想丰饶且时带锋芒的论文集如今重新出版，并附有Ian Morris撰写的全新前言，在今天读来依然如Finley初作时那般令人振奋。
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…https://www.amazon.com/Perspective-World-Civilization-Capita... 我强烈推荐这几本书。如果你对西方古典时期更感兴趣，我推荐：https://www.amazon.com/Ancient-Economy-Sather-Classical-Lect...
…https://www.amazon.com/Perspective-World-Civilization-Capita... I strongly recommend these books. If you're interest is more about the classical Western period, I recommend: https://www.amazon.com/Ancient-Economy-Sather-Classical-Lect...
把现代意义上的“资本主义”套在罗马头上，是对古希腊罗马经济已有认知的严重扭曲，完全无视了芬利（Finley）和波兰尼（Polanyi）的研究。（而且，你都看出罗马是个奴隶制社会了，却没得出显而易见的结论：奴隶制根本就不可能存在自由的劳动力交换！）
Describing Rome as "capitalist" in the modern sense is a gross misrepresentation of what is known about the ancient economy, ignoring the work of Finley and Polanyi. (Also, you spotted that Rome was a slave society, but failed to make the obvious conclusion that slavery precludes free exchange of labour!)
>把现代意义上的“资本主义”套在罗马头上，是对古希腊罗马经济已有认知的严重扭曲，完全无视了芬利和波兰尼的研究。 政府当时只抽取 5%。https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_economy#GDP_and_income_d... 在 Scheidel–Friesen 经济模型中，产生的年总收入……
>Describing Rome as "capitalist" in the modern sense is a gross misrepresentation of what is known about the ancient economy, ignoring the work of Finley and Polanyi. Government took only 5%. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_economy#GDP_and_income_d... In the Scheidel–Friesen economic model, the total annual income generated…
……共产主义”。经济史的研究趋势跟你说的恰恰相反。在 70 年代，学术界流行强调古代经济与现代经济有多么截然不同。参见摩西·芬利的《古代经济》（The Ancient Economy）。而近期学术研究的趋势是表明古代的状况比我们想象的更接近今天。这也让工业革命变得更难以解释了，因为所有制度上的……
…communism". The trend in economic history has been the opposite of what you say. In the 70s it was fashionable to emphasize how different ancient economies were from modern. See for example Moses Finley's Ancient Economy. The trend of recent scholarship has been to show that things in the old days are more like today than we thought. It's made the Industrial Revolution harder to explain, because all of the institutional…
> 芬利试图证明，古代经济的导向并非“原始资本主义”，而是一种截然不同的异质经济，其经济关系更多是由身份地位、法律强制的阶级和奴隶制所构建，而非金钱或利润。这……
> Finley sought to demonstrate that the ancient economy was not ‘proto-capitalist’ in its orientation but rather a decidedly alien economy where economic relations were structured by status, legally enforced class and slavery more than money or profit. This…