最优秀的大学教师如何教学
What the Best College Teachers Do
Ken Bain · 初版 2004 年
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究竟是什么让优秀的教师卓越不凡？毕业多年后依然被学生铭记的教授又是谁？本书作为一项历时十五年研究的结晶，为所有教育工作者提供了宝贵的答案。简言之——关键不在于教师做了什么，而在于他们理解了什么。教案与讲义的重要性，比不上教师理解学科及重视人类学习过程的独特方式。无论历史学家还是物理学家，身在 El Paso 还是 St. Paul，最优秀的教师都对其专业了如指掌——但他们同样深谙如何吸引并挑战学生，激发起他们满怀热情的反馈。最……
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……成效。- 衡量成功时的关键：你准备充分了吗？你在五分钟（或者其他设定的时间）内达成目标了吗？文章里没提：关于这个主题有一本绝佳的书，就是肯·贝恩（Ken Bain）写的《优秀大学教师都在做什么》（What the Best College Teachers Do）。肯自己调研了怎样才算一名优秀的教师，得出了一些非常迷人的发现。那些极其成功的教师在学生身上倾注的巨大心血简直不可思议，不过……
…effectiveness. - Important when measuring success: Were you prepared? Did you achieve your objective in five minutes (or whatever other time)? Not mentioned in the article: A great book on this topic is "What the Best College Teachers Do" by Ken Bain. Ken does his own research into what makes a great teacher and has some fascinating findings. The huge effort that highly successful teachers put into their students is just incredible, though…
去看看肯·贝恩写的《优秀大学教师都在做什么》（What the Best College Teachers Do）和《优秀大学生都在做什么》（What The Best College Students Do）吧。
Check out What the Best College Teachers Do and What The Best College Students Do by Ken Bain.
……夸孩子“你真聪明”，这听起来就好像这是他们与生俱来的特质，而不是他们努力做出来的；也就是说，这成了一种他们无法掌控的东西。）我觉得你要是去读任何一本靠谱的教学法书籍（我最喜欢的是肯·贝恩的《优秀大学教师都在做什么》），就会发现关于孩子如何学习以及他们如何获得学习动力，已经有海量的研究了。现实世界中大部分人似乎对这些研究视而不见，这真挺不幸的。
…kid "you are smart", this makes it sound like it's something they are, not something they do; i.e. something they have no control over.) I think if you read any decent book on pedagogy (my favorite is "What the Best College Teachers Do", by Ken Bain) you'll see that there is a huge amount of research on how kids learn and how they are motivated to learn. That most of this research seems mainly ignored in the real world is unfortunate.
……根本毫无理解。或者，学生表面上表现出理解了，但底层的思维模型却完全没变（导致他们比以前还要困惑）。这两种情况全都是失败的。《优秀大学教师都在做什么》这本书对那些极其成功且高效的教师有多投入、多敬业、多有学识、多有智慧给出了惊人的洞见。他们在课程上倾注的心思和心血简直令人咋舌，所以我……
…understanding whatsoever. Or, students can show understanding but have underlying mental models untouched (making them even more confused than previously). Both of these cases are failures. The book "What the Best College Teachers Do" has amazing insights on how involved, dedicated, knowledgeable, and wise very successful and effective teachers are. The amount of thought and effort they put into their courses is staggering, so I'm…
我今天刚好在《优秀大学教师都在做什么》这本书里读到了关于外在激励机制（extrinsic motivators）的内容。书里引用的研究可以追溯到 1970 年代爱德华·L·德西（Edward L. Deci）的工作。显然，他和他的同事们发现，大多数外在激励因素（金钱、奖品、成绩）确实管用……
I was just reading about extrinsic motivators today in the book, What the Best College Teachers Do. The research cited there dates back to the 1970s and the work of Edward L. Deci. Apparently what he and his colleagues found is that most extrinsic motivators (money, prizes, grades) actually do work…