法律与革命
Law and Revolution
Harold J. Berman · 初版 1983 年
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现代西方法律制度与理念的根源可以追溯到九个世纪前的 Papal Revolution。当时，西方教会确立了自身的政治与法律统一，并摆脱了皇帝、国王和封建领主的控制获得独立。从这场巨变中诞生了西方关于综合法律体系的构想，并历经数代人乃至数百年的自觉发展。Harold J. Berman 阐述了这些法律体系的主要特征，包括教会的 canon law、主要王国的 royal law、新兴城市的 urban law、feudal law、manorial law 以及 mercantile law。在……
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……辩护”是基督教法（比如教会法）世俗化的产物。世俗化具体指什么？就是用非神学的推理替代神学推理。Harold Berman 在他的《法律与革命：西方法律传统的形成》（Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition）中是这样说的：“一个离奇的例子或许能揭示一种与其神学源头脱节的法律传统的种种悖论。如果一个心智健全的人被定罪……
…defense" is a secularization of Christian Law (say, Canon Law). What does secularization consists of? Replace the theological reasoning with non-theological ones. Here is what Harold Berman says in his "Law and revolution: The formation of the Western legal tradition": "A bizarre example may shed light on the paradoxes of a legal tradition that has lost contact with its theological sources. If a sane man is convicted…
这个时间线与“上帝之和平”运动以及格列高利改革重叠，法律史学家 Harold Berman 在他的《法律与革命：西方法律传统的形成》（Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition）一书中将后者称为“教皇革命”。这也与 Charles Taylor 在《世俗时代》（A Secular Age）中提到的革新（renovatio）的开端相吻合。不过你也可以争辩说，也许过了好一阵子才……
The timeline overlaps with the Peace of God movement and the Gregorian reforms which legal historian Harold Berman calls the Papal Revolution in his book Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition. Also coincides with the beginnings of renavatio that Charles Taylor mentions in A Secular Age. You could argue though that perhaps it took some time until…