论发明
De inventione
Cicero · 初版 1546 年
2位读者提及
2次提及
在所有罗马人中，我们对Marcus Tullius Cicero（公元前106—前43年）——这位律师、演说家、政治家和哲学家——的了解最为详尽。除了诸多著述之外，他的作品生动展现了那个时代的动荡，以及他在摇摇欲坠的共和国中亲身见证Julius Caesar崛起与陨落的过程。
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De inventione
Cicero · 初版 1546 年
在所有罗马人中，我们对Marcus Tullius Cicero（公元前106—前43年）——这位律师、演说家、政治家和哲学家——的了解最为详尽。除了诸多著述之外，他的作品生动展现了那个时代的动荡，以及他在摇摇欲坠的共和国中亲身见证Julius Caesar崛起与陨落的过程。
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……而不是全身，但它们可能会提供一些线索。古罗马演说家有一套固定的姿势模板（当时的 meme？），所以西塞罗会不会真在《De Inventione》谈“演说交付（delivery）”那部分提到过耸肩？如果他们确实用过这个动作，坐在后排的人肯定也能看得清清楚楚。编辑补充：也许昆体良的著作里也有提到？https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutio_Oratoria
…than whole body, but they might have some clues. Roman orators had a set of stock poses (the memes of the day?), so maybe Cicero actually said something about shoulder shrugging in the "delivery" part of De Inventione? It's certainly a gesture that would have read well in the back rows, had they used it. EDIT: maybe also somewhere in Quintilian? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutio_Oratoria
……同样，后来的基督教希腊语文献（很可能是抄本而非卷轴）本可以把拉丁语里标为“caput”（原文没提，但在拉丁语里很常见；西塞罗在《De Inventione》中就用过）或“capitulum”的东西称为“kephalaion”，事实上希腊语文献也确实模仿拉丁语这么做了，但“kephalaia”是复数，作者尽管是在写词汇的历史，却似乎对此一无所知。另外它还……
…Again, later Christian Greek texts (probably codices rather than scrolls) could have called "kephalaion" the thing Latin marked as "caput" (not in the article, but very common in Latin; Cicero uses it in _De Inventione_) or "capitulum," and in fact Greek texts did so in imitation of the Latin, but "kephalaia" is plural, and the author, despite writing about the history of terms, doesn't seem to know that. It's also…