弗吉尼亚笔记
Notes on the state of Virginia
Thomas Jefferson、Logan, James · 初版 1784 年
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1780年，法国驻美使馆请求进一步了解这个新成立的美洲十三个州，这一契机正如 Jefferson 后来所描述的那样，激发了他内心“一种神秘的责任感，使我对自己的国家比以往任何时候都更加了解”。撰写于他担任弗吉尼亚州州长第一任期内的 Notes on the State of Virginia，既是一篇科学论述，又是一次定义美国的尝试，更是一场对自由理念的审视。Jefferson 以起草 Declaration of Independence 时展现的非凡天赋以及清晰、流畅的文风，记录了弗吉
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……领土——杰斐逊总统废除了奴隶贸易——他为国会图书馆做出了重要贡献——托马斯·杰斐逊创立了弗吉尼亚大学——他写了一本名为《Notes on the State of Virginia》的书 https://learnodo-newtonic.com/thomas-jefferson-accomplishmen...
…territory - President Jefferson abolished the slave trade - He made an important contribution to the Library of Congress - Thomas Jefferson founded the University of Virginia - He wrote a book titled Notes on the State of Virginia https://learnodo-newtonic.com/thomas-jefferson-accomplishmen...
……必须是同时发生的。如果建筑寿命大概是50年，那50年后你面对的就是完全不同的一批建筑。你将无法从50多年前汲取任何影响。这话出自《Notes on the State of Virginia》http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/JEFFERSON/ch15.html，它其实是杰斐逊出版的一本论文集。
…to be simultaneous. If buildings last about 50 years, then in 50 years you're going to have completely different set of buildings. You'll have no influences to draw on from 50+ years ago. It's from "Notes on the State of Virginia" http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/JEFFERSON/ch15.html which was actually a book, a collection of essays published by Jefferson.
……在建国之初商定的权利框架中把某些类别人形生物排除在外——没有评论者说过“你是种族主义者”这类话——你没能解释为什么把黑人或女性排除在外是正义的。在《Notes on the State of Virginia》中，杰斐逊写道：“每当我反思上帝是公正的、他的正义不可能永远沉睡时，我便为我的国家战栗……”他认为，把奴隶束缚在枷锁之中，而美国有一部分人又主张废奴……
…classes of humanoids from the framework of rights agreed on at birth of US -No commenter said the words "you are racist" -You failed to offer why the exclusion of black or female people is just In “Notes on the State of Virginia,” Jefferson wrote, “I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just: that his justice cannot sleep forever…” He believed that to keep slaves in bondage, with part of America in favor of abolition…
……是这里的门槛。事实是，当时美洲几乎没人会把撒哈拉以南非洲人称为或描述为“聪明的”。大体上似乎反对奴隶制的托马斯·杰斐逊在他的书《Notes on the State of Virginia》（1785）里这样写道：“总的来说，他们的生存状态似乎更多受感官而非思考支配。”“若按记忆、理性和想象的才能来对比他们，在我看来，在记忆力方面……
…is the bar here. The fact is nearly no-one in the Americas would call or describe Sub-Saharan Africans as Intelligent. Thomas Jefferson who generally seemed to oppose slavery says this in his book, "Notes on the State of Virginia" (1785): "In general, their existence appears to participate more of sensation than reflection." "Comparing them by their faculties of memory, reason, and imagination, it appears to me that in memory…
……个人身上有严重的妥协）仍然就奴隶制的腐蚀性及其后果写下了这样的话：> “确实，每当我反思上帝是公正的、他的正义不可能永远沉睡时，我便为我的国家战栗……”（《Notes on the State of Virginia》，第18问（1784），引自Encyclopedia Virginia抄本）杰斐逊还记录了国会出于政治原因（即为了达成一致意见）从他的草案中删掉了一段反奴隶贸易的文字：……
…deeply compromised personally) still wrote this about slavery’s corruption and consequences: > “Indeed I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just: that his justice cannot sleep for ever…” (Notes on the State of Virginia, Query XVIII (1784), as transcribed by Encyclopedia Virginia) Jefferson also documented that Congress removed an anti–slave trade passage from his draft for political reasons (i.e., to get unanimity):…
……他拥有大约175个奴隶。在1781到1785年间的某个时候（关于这个我看到好几个不同的出版日期，如果有人感兴趣就留给别人去考证确切日期吧），杰斐逊在《Notes on the State of Virginia》中谈到奴隶制时写道：“主人与奴隶之间的全部交往，就是一方永无休止地发泄最暴烈的情欲、施行最严酷的专制，而另一方则做出屈辱的顺从……
…he owned about 175 people. Somewhere between 1781-1785 (I'm seeing a lot of different publishing dates for this and I'll leave it to someone else to pin down the exact date if they're interested) in Notes on the State of Virginia Jefferson wrote of slavery: "The whole commerce between master and slave is a perpetual exercise of the most boisterous passions, the most unremitting despotism on the one part, and degrading submissions…