人的权利
Rights of Man
Thomas Paine · 初版 1791 年
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为什么值得读
- 剖析社会契约的具体内涵与防范自我毁灭
- 结合法国大革命反思权力制衡与共和代表制
- 阐述早期自由主义的核心原则与权利理念
因不满Edmund Burke对法国大革命的猛烈抨击，Paine在愤懑之下写就了The Rights of Man，该书如今被视为西方政治哲学领域最重要的著作之一。在书中，Paine主张某些权利是由natural law（自然法）赋予的，而非来自政府或宪法。对于关注政治、哲学以及两者交叉领域的读者而言，这是一部必读书目。
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……几部戏剧和诗歌。没有欧几里得的《几何原本》，没有希罗多德的《历史》，没有《圣经》或《古兰经》，没有萨缪尔森的《经济学》或亚当·斯密的《国富论》，没有柏拉图的《理想国》，没有《共产党宣言》，没有《利维坦》或《人权论》，没有《物种起源》。这还只是我随口想到的。哪怕只算这些，它们也完全称得上是有史以来最伟大的 100 本书之一。
…few plays and poems. No Euclid's Geometry, no Herodotus Histories, no Bible or Koran, no Samuelson's Economics or Smith's Wealth of Nations, no Plato's Republic, no Communist Manifesto, no Leviathan or Rights of Man, no On the Origin of Species. Just off the top of my head. All of those and more are arguably in the top 100 greatest books of of all time.
……在法律支撑下具有强制性（紧缩措施）。顺便提一句，法国大革命（攻占巴士底狱）期间也出现过非常类似的问题，至少托马斯·潘恩（Thomas Paine）在《人权论》（Rights of Man，1770年代）中顺口提到过。如果有时间，那本和《常识》（Common Sense）都非常值得一读。在我看来，在共和国里权力应当托付给人民的代表，但必须施加重大限制……
…coercive when backed by law (austerity measures). Incidentally, a very similar issue came up during the French Revolution (Bastille) at least according to Thomas Paine who wrote about it in passing in his Rights of Man (1770s). That and Common Sense are both very interesting reads if you can make the time. In my opinion, power should be entrusted to the people's representation in a republic with important limitations…
……欺骗。极少有人被专门教过社会契约到底意味着什么。大家早就该好好学学了，免得最后自己成了导致自身毁灭的帮凶。托马斯·潘恩的《人权论》（Rights of Man）在这点上有很多精辟的见解。
…deceit. Very few people are taught specifically what the social contract entails. Its well past time people learn, lest they end up being the supporting cause of their own destruction. Thomas Paine's Rights of Man has a lot of good points on this.
……以及德·斯塔尔在大革命后使自由主义正式成型，本质上是试图从残局中抢救出好的部分。但是，怎么说呢，托马斯·杰斐逊协助起草了《人权宣言》，其中阐述了康斯坦试图挽救的核心原则，而且他绝对受到了洛克的影响。不过，我依然觉得这本书非常值得一读，可以用来纠正那种以盎格鲁为中心的……
…and de Staël for formalizing liberalism in the aftermath of the Revolution, essentially trying to save the good parts from the wreckage. But, like, Thomas Jefferson helped write the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which laid out the key principles Constant was trying to salvage, and he was most certainly influenced by Locke. Still, I think this book is well worth reading as a corrective to the Anglo-centric,…
……即便是转向农耕生活也有过阵痛期。我认为在哲学层面上对此阐述得最好的例子，是托马斯·潘恩一本名为《土地正义》（Agrarian Justice）的著作。（就是写《常识》、《人权论》和《理性时代》的那个潘恩）。《土地正义》是一本短小精悍的小册子，我觉得人人都该读读。它用通俗易懂的语言详细说明了文明社会与靠土地为生的人（比如某些……）之间有何不同。
…Even moving to agrarian living had growing pains. The best example philosophically detailing this, I think, is the work by Thomas Paine called Agrarian Justice. (that's the same Paine as Common Sense, Rights of Man, and Age of Reason) Agrarian Justice is a short pamphlet that I think everyone should read. It details in simple terms how civilized society is different from those who live off the land (such as some…
你对《人权论》（The Rights of Man）中表达的观点怎么看？（即潘恩针对法国大革命对伯克的回应）
Do you have a view on the ideas expressed in The Rights of Man? (Paine's reply to Burke wrt the French Revolution)