作为与那些作品的对比，阿奎那（Aquinas）的《反异教大全》（Summa Contra Gentiles）会是一个很好的后续阅读。然后为了把两者融会贯通，可以试试《Christian-Islamic Preambles of Faith - An Exercise in Philosophy of Religion or Kalâm for Our Day Modeled after Thomas Aquinas, Summa…》
As a contrast to those works, Summa Contra Gentiles by Aquinas would be a good follow up. Then to pull both together try Christian-Islamic Preambles of Faith - An Exercise in Philosophy of Religion or Kalâm for Our Day Modeled after Thomas Aquinas, Summa…
我见过最典型的公理化推理翻车案例，就在托马斯·阿奎那的《反异教大全》（Summa contra Gentiles）里，比如13世纪的自然法基督教护教学。别误会我的意思——它们是哲学艺术层面的杰作，也是我整个哲学领域里最喜欢的文本之一。但它们也极度滥用了论证空间……
The best axiomatic reasoning failures I've seen are in Thomas Aquinas' Summa contra Gentiles, e.g. 13th century natural law Christian apologism. Don't get me wrong -- they are works of philosophical art and among my favorite texts in all of philosophy. But they also very much abuse the space…
…another kind. But that reason would be external to God, and thus God's nature would thus be contingent on something other than Himself. But then wouldn't that external reason be greater than God? Aquinas, Contra Gentiles, I.22.8-9: > [8] Moreover, if something can exist only when several elements come together, it is composite. But no thing in which the essence is other than the being can exist unless several elements…
…(Hindu, Zen, Taoist etc.). For instance, the concept of Yin and Yang and how they define each other and rely on each other. St. Thomas Aquinas actually paralleled this concept quite briefly in The Summa contra Gentiles, though such an idea is quite taboo among many fundamentalist Christian traditions today: >There are in the world many good things which would have no place unless there were evils. Thus there would…
虽然人们将“奥卡姆剃刀”（Occam's Razor）归功于奥卡姆的威廉（William of Ockham），但他其实并不是首创者。我的形而上学老师曾给我看过《反异教大全》里的一句话，圣托马斯·阿奎那在奥卡姆提出近一百年前，就表述过剃刀背后的相同理念。抱歉，我现在手头没有具体的出处。此外，维基百科上关于奥卡姆剃刀的词条……
Although it's attributed to him, William of Ockham did not come up with Occam's Razor. My metaphysics teacher showed me a line in the Summa Contra Gentiles where St. Thomas Aquinas enunciated the same idea behind the Razor almost a hundred years before Ockham did. Sorry, I don't have the reference handy. Furthermore, the Wikipedia article on Ockham's Razor…
> 托马斯从未声称自己是在做哲学？“《Summa Contra Gentiles》本就是一部哲学著作”——Anthony Kenny（《Aquinas on Mind》，第 13 页）http://people.exeter.ac.uk/sp344/Aquinas%20on%20Mind.pdf
> Thomas never claimed to be doing philosophy ? "The Summa Contra Gentiles is meant as a philosophical work" Anthony Kenny (Aquinas on Mind, 13) http://people.exeter.ac.uk/sp344/Aquinas%20on%20Mind.pdf
作为与那些作品的对比，阿奎那（Aquinas）的《反异教大全》（Summa Contra Gentiles）会是一个很好的后续阅读。然后为了把两者融会贯通，可以试试《Christian-Islamic Preambles of Faith - An Exercise in Philosophy of Religion or Kalâm for Our Day Modeled after Thomas Aquinas, Summa…》
As a contrast to those works, Summa Contra Gentiles by Aquinas would be a good follow up. Then to pull both together try Christian-Islamic Preambles of Faith - An Exercise in Philosophy of Religion or Kalâm for Our Day Modeled after Thomas Aquinas, Summa…
我见过最典型的公理化推理翻车案例，就在托马斯·阿奎那的《反异教大全》（Summa contra Gentiles）里，比如13世纪的自然法基督教护教学。别误会我的意思——它们是哲学艺术层面的杰作，也是我整个哲学领域里最喜欢的文本之一。但它们也极度滥用了论证空间……
The best axiomatic reasoning failures I've seen are in Thomas Aquinas' Summa contra Gentiles, e.g. 13th century natural law Christian apologism. Don't get me wrong -- they are works of philosophical art and among my favorite texts in all of philosophy. But they also very much abuse the space…
……另一种形式。但那个原因就会是独立于上帝之外的，从而上帝的本质就会依附于祂自身之外的某种东西。但这样一来，难道那个外部原因不就比上帝更大了吗？阿奎那，《反异教大全》，I.22.8-9：> [8] 此外，如果某物必须在多个要素结合时才能存在，那它就是复合的。但凡是本质与存在不同的事物，都必须有多个要素……才能存在。
…another kind. But that reason would be external to God, and thus God's nature would thus be contingent on something other than Himself. But then wouldn't that external reason be greater than God? Aquinas, Contra Gentiles, I.22.8-9: > [8] Moreover, if something can exist only when several elements come together, it is composite. But no thing in which the essence is other than the being can exist unless several elements…
……（印度教、禅宗、道家等）。例如，阴阳的概念，以及它们如何互相定义、互相依存。圣托马斯·阿奎那实际上在《反异教大全》中非常简短地类比过这一概念，尽管这种观点在当今许多基督教基要派传统中是相当忌讳的：> 世界上有许多美好的事物，若没有邪恶的存在便无容身之地。因此若没有……
…(Hindu, Zen, Taoist etc.). For instance, the concept of Yin and Yang and how they define each other and rely on each other. St. Thomas Aquinas actually paralleled this concept quite briefly in The Summa contra Gentiles, though such an idea is quite taboo among many fundamentalist Christian traditions today: >There are in the world many good things which would have no place unless there were evils. Thus there would…
虽然人们将“奥卡姆剃刀”（Occam's Razor）归功于奥卡姆的威廉（William of Ockham），但他其实并不是首创者。我的形而上学老师曾给我看过《反异教大全》里的一句话，圣托马斯·阿奎那在奥卡姆提出近一百年前，就表述过剃刀背后的相同理念。抱歉，我现在手头没有具体的出处。此外，维基百科上关于奥卡姆剃刀的词条……
Although it's attributed to him, William of Ockham did not come up with Occam's Razor. My metaphysics teacher showed me a line in the Summa Contra Gentiles where St. Thomas Aquinas enunciated the same idea behind the Razor almost a hundred years before Ockham did. Sorry, I don't have the reference handy. Furthermore, the Wikipedia article on Ockham's Razor…
> 托马斯从未声称自己是在做哲学？“《Summa Contra Gentiles》本就是一部哲学著作”——Anthony Kenny（《Aquinas on Mind》，第 13 页）http://people.exeter.ac.uk/sp344/Aquinas%20on%20Mind.pdf
> Thomas never claimed to be doing philosophy ? "The Summa Contra Gentiles is meant as a philosophical work" Anthony Kenny (Aquinas on Mind, 13) http://people.exeter.ac.uk/sp344/Aquinas%20on%20Mind.pdf