湖中之火
Fire in the lake
Frances FitzGerald · 初版 1967 年
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这是对从法国殖民时期到美军介入时期的越南战争最彻底且具学术性的全景回顾，深入剖析了美国失败的原因与过程：主要在于未能理解越南及其人民与文化，同时也未能认清战争本身与自身盲区，并且未曾意识到唯一的真正胜利乃是赢得民心——赢得绝大多数人民的心。
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Fire in the lake
Frances FitzGerald · 初版 1967 年
这是对从法国殖民时期到美军介入时期的越南战争最彻底且具学术性的全景回顾，深入剖析了美国失败的原因与过程：主要在于未能理解越南及其人民与文化，同时也未能认清战争本身与自身盲区，并且未曾意识到唯一的真正胜利乃是赢得民心——赢得绝大多数人民的心。
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“……拥有最多武器的集团……”在缺乏国家合法性的情况下，暴力就会大行其道。忘记这一点的政府往往会陷入混乱、无法无天和腐败之中。比如索马里。或者读读《湖中之火》（Fire in the Lake），看看全世界所有的暴力是如何都无法弥补美国支持的南越政府合法性的缺失。韦伯在谈到国家的定义时……
…group that has the most weapons...” Violence reigns in the absence of state legitimacy. Governments that forget this tend to fall into chaos, lawlessness and corruption. For example, Somalia. Or read Fire in the Lake for an examination of the way all the violence in the world couldn’t make up for the lack of legitimacy of the US-backed South Vietnamese government. When Weber is talking about the state being defined…
……物质文化，也就是没有枪炮或钢甲。军事技术高度依附于孕育它的社会和科技：军队在某种程度上始终是国家的倒影。比如《湖中之火》做了一项非常引人入胜的分析，（部分）解释了为什么将西方军事体制移植到南越（即南越陆军部队）彻底失败，而越共却能蓬勃发展。忽略这一点就只能把军事……
…Material culture, ie no guns or steel armor. Military technique is highly contingent on the society and technology that gives rise to it: the army is always in some fashion a mirror of the state. For example Fire in the Lake is a really fascinating analysis of (in part) why transplanting western military practice to south Vietnam (as ARVN forces) failed while the Viet Cong flourished. Ignoring that requires reducing military…
如果要我挑一本弗朗西丝·菲茨杰拉德（Frances Fitzgerald）的书，我会选《山巅之城》（Cities on a Hill）[1]，而不是《湖中之火》。一本解释了为什么我们的对外政策会失败，另一本则解释了我们自以为是谁，以及这种认知如何塑造了今天的我们。麦克菲的《与大德鲁伊相遇》（Encounter with the Archdruid）[2]和雷斯纳的《凯迪拉克沙漠》（Cadillac Desert）[3]……
If I was going to pick one Frances Fitzgerald book it would be "Cities on a Hill"[1] not "Fire in the Lake". One explains why our foreign policy fails and the other explains who we believe ourselves to be and how that shapes who we are. McPhee's "Encounter with the Archdruid"[2] and Reisner's "Cadillac Desert"[3]…
……说错了。> [越南]并不是一场拥有军事历史知识的社会与没有军事历史知识的社会之间的冲突。没错，这个论点是针对“军事知识跨越文化”这种说法的。《湖中之火》里的论点跟美国是否愿意“不惜一切代价”（即所谓“要是放开手脚让小伙子们干”的老生常谈）毫无关系。它讲的是越共在招募、组织方面的方法……
…wrong. > [Vietnam] was not a conflict between a society with military history knowledge and one without. Yes, that point was aimed at the claim that military knowledge transcends culture. The argument in Fire in the Lake doesn’t have anything to do with the US’s willingness to do “what was necessary” (ie the old “if they only let our boys off the leash” saw). It’s about how the VC approach to recruitment, organization…
《湖中之火》，归结起来不就是胡志明是20世纪“最优秀”的世界领袖吗？最优秀是指最有能力、最高效、最聪明，倒未必符合我对领袖的理想设定？
Fire in the Lake, which boils down to Ho Chi Minh was the "best" world leader of the 20th century? Best as in most capable and effective and intelligent not necessarily best as in matches my ideal of leadership?
……接近神级的体验。这是一款非常、非常、非常棒的游戏。他身后照片里是一批很棒的收藏。很多精彩又有趣的游戏，虽然我本来以为会看到更多兵棋……比如《湖中之火》（Fire In The Lake）、《罗马之剑》（Sword of Rome）之类的。
…experience approaching the divine. It is a very, very, very fine game. Pictured behind him is a fine collection. A lot of great and interesting games, though I would have expected more war games...stuff like Fire In The Lake, Sword of Rome, etc.