崩溃
Downfall
Richard B. Frank · 初版 1999 年
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“这些篇页讲述了鲜为人知的内幕故事：1945年夏天，美国领导层得知他们通过封锁和轰炸、继之以入侵来结束战争的折中战略已化为泡影；无线电情报揭露了日军在九州集结重兵，企图将美军最初的登陆入侵变成一场血腥屠杀。与此同时，对截获外交电报的文本与分析表明，在最终兵戈相见之前进行谈判的前景十分渺茫。书中也首次全面、客观地记述了日本领导层如何孤注一掷进行军事豪赌，冒着彻底毁灭的风险……
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……正在打仗（而且是日本挑起的），而犹太人（以及纳粹的其他受害者）并没有和德国开战。如果你想对原子弹轰炸和日本投降有更细致客观的认识，可以读读理查德·B·弗兰克的《大崩溃》（Downfall）。就算你不同意弗兰克的观点，把这事当成板上钉钉毫无争议也是不客观的。相关的争论多得是。依我看，那些把这类问题谈得……
…engaged in a war (that Japan started) whereas the Jews (and other victims of the Nazis) were not at war with Germany. If you want a more nuanced perspective on the bombings and the surrender of Japan, read Downfall by Richard B. Frank. Even if you disagree with Frank, acting like there's no debate on this subject is dishonest. There's plenty of debate. In my opinion, people who talk about issues like this in…
……没有展现出其中的残酷。如果有人想更客观地看待这段历史，尤其是那些坚持认为在原子弹投下之前日本其实就已经“战败”的人，理查德·B·弗兰克的《大崩溃》对于坚定持反核立场的人来说是一本很好的入门书。
…not show the horrors of it. If one is more interested in an objective take on history, especially those using the argument that the Japanese were already "defeated" before the bombs came, then the book Downfall by Richard B Frank is a good book to start with for those who hold a firm anti-nuke stance.
巧了，我刚开始读理查德·B·弗兰克的《大崩溃：大日本帝国的终结》[1]。第一章就详细记述了 1945 年 3 月东京大轰炸幸存者的口述回忆。后面的章节则深入探讨了李梅遇到的各种困难……
Coincidentally, I just started reading Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire by Richard B. Frank [1]. The very first chapter details survivor accounts of the March 45 fire bombing of Tokyo. Later chapters go into the difficulties LeMay…
……战略家们预料到了丰田副武式的反应，计划在第一颗原子弹投下后不久再扔一颗，好让日本人相信美军拥有大量储备。[1] [0] Frank, Richard B. (1999). 《大崩溃：大日本帝国的终结》. 纽约: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-100146-3 [1] Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi (2005). 《与敌人赛跑：斯大林、杜鲁门与日本投降》. 马萨诸塞州剑桥: …
…strategists, having anticipated a reaction like Toyoda's, planned to drop a second bomb shortly after the first, to convince the Japanese that the U.S. had a large supply.[1] [0] Frank, Richard B. (1999). Downfall: the End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-100146-3 [1] Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi (2005). Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan. Cambridge, Massachusetts:…
……显而易见的是，在当时看来所有可行的备选方案中，使用原子弹在平民伤亡和人类苦难方面并没有显得更加突出。[1] 理查德·B·弗兰克，《大崩溃：大日本帝国的终结》。
…it seems clear that, out of what seemed to be the feasible alternatives available, the use of nuclear bombs did not stand out in terms of civilian casualties and human suffering. [1] Richard B. Frank, Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire.