……不同支持者的说法大相径庭，比如有人认为它作为支付手段很有用，有人认为它现在不是但将来会是，还有人认为它唯一的用处就是价值储存。如果你读过乔治·英厄姆（George Ingham）的《货币的本质》（The Nature of Money），就会明白很多经济学家眼中的货币是同时兼具以下特性的：(1) 支付手段 (2) 记账单位 (3) 价值储存。而且从历史上看，所有成功的……
…from different supporters is quite different, e.g. some argue it is useful as a means of payment, some argue it isn't but it will be, some argue it is only useful as a store of value. If you read "The Nature of Money" by George Ingham, you'll see that many economists think of money as something that is simultaneously: (1) A means of payment (2) a unit of account (3) a store of value. And historically, all successful…
杰弗里·英厄姆（Geoffrey Ingham）的《货币的本质》（The Nature of Money），出版时间早于 Bitcoin 和金融危机，但它依然是我读过关于货币最深刻透彻的理论探讨。如果说《债：第一个5000年》（Debt: The First 5000 Years）是本科水平，那《货币的本质》……
The Nature of Money, Geoffrey Ingham, predates Bitcoin and the financial crisis, but it is still the most incisive theoretical discussion of money I've read. If Debt: The First 5000 Years is undergrad, The Nature of Money…
……那就是现在和历史上一直存在着许多不同种类的货币——信用货币、交换货币、资产货币等等。杰弗里·英厄姆（Geoffrey Ingham）的《货币的本质》（The Nature of Money）是一本相对抽象/偏学术但极其受用的综述。资产这一概念对于金融体系的运转至关重要。新型资产不断被创造出来。我最近读过写得最好的书之一提到……
…is that there are, and have been, a lot of different kinds of money- credit money and exchange money and asset money and so forth. A relatively abstract/intellectual but immensely useful survey is The Nature of Money - Geoffrey Ingham The concept of an asset is critical to the functioning of the financial system. New kinds of assets are created all the time. One of the best written books I have read recently goes…
……用“国家货币”和“银行货币”来谈论信用并不合适。至于参考文献，关于定义货币等方面的 prior art 简直多如牛毛。我最近非常喜欢的一本书是：杰弗里·英厄姆（Geoffrey Ingham）的《货币的本质》（The Nature Of Money）https://www.amazon.com/Nature-Money-Geoffrey-Ingham/dp/07456... 另外，英格兰银行（Bank of England）最近这篇 paper 也极为出彩：https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/quarterly-bulletin/2014/q1/m...
…"state money" and "bank money" is a poor way to talk about credit. In terms of references, tons and tons and tons of prior art defining money and so forth. A book I recently enjoyed a great deal is: The Nature Of Money, Geoffrey Ingham https://www.amazon.com/Nature-Money-Geoffrey-Ingham/dp/07456... And this more recent Bank of England paper is exceptional: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/quarterly-bulletin/2014/q1/m...
……不同支持者的说法大相径庭，比如有人认为它作为支付手段很有用，有人认为它现在不是但将来会是，还有人认为它唯一的用处就是价值储存。如果你读过乔治·英厄姆（George Ingham）的《货币的本质》（The Nature of Money），就会明白很多经济学家眼中的货币是同时兼具以下特性的：(1) 支付手段 (2) 记账单位 (3) 价值储存。而且从历史上看，所有成功的……
…from different supporters is quite different, e.g. some argue it is useful as a means of payment, some argue it isn't but it will be, some argue it is only useful as a store of value. If you read "The Nature of Money" by George Ingham, you'll see that many economists think of money as something that is simultaneously: (1) A means of payment (2) a unit of account (3) a store of value. And historically, all successful…
杰弗里·英厄姆（Geoffrey Ingham）的《货币的本质》（The Nature of Money），出版时间早于 Bitcoin 和金融危机，但它依然是我读过关于货币最深刻透彻的理论探讨。如果说《债：第一个5000年》（Debt: The First 5000 Years）是本科水平，那《货币的本质》……
The Nature of Money, Geoffrey Ingham, predates Bitcoin and the financial crisis, but it is still the most incisive theoretical discussion of money I've read. If Debt: The First 5000 Years is undergrad, The Nature of Money…
……那就是现在和历史上一直存在着许多不同种类的货币——信用货币、交换货币、资产货币等等。杰弗里·英厄姆（Geoffrey Ingham）的《货币的本质》（The Nature of Money）是一本相对抽象/偏学术但极其受用的综述。资产这一概念对于金融体系的运转至关重要。新型资产不断被创造出来。我最近读过写得最好的书之一提到……
…is that there are, and have been, a lot of different kinds of money- credit money and exchange money and asset money and so forth. A relatively abstract/intellectual but immensely useful survey is The Nature of Money - Geoffrey Ingham The concept of an asset is critical to the functioning of the financial system. New kinds of assets are created all the time. One of the best written books I have read recently goes…
……用“国家货币”和“银行货币”来谈论信用并不合适。至于参考文献，关于定义货币等方面的 prior art 简直多如牛毛。我最近非常喜欢的一本书是：杰弗里·英厄姆（Geoffrey Ingham）的《货币的本质》（The Nature Of Money）https://www.amazon.com/Nature-Money-Geoffrey-Ingham/dp/07456... 另外，英格兰银行（Bank of England）最近这篇 paper 也极为出彩：https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/quarterly-bulletin/2014/q1/m...
…"state money" and "bank money" is a poor way to talk about credit. In terms of references, tons and tons and tons of prior art defining money and so forth. A book I recently enjoyed a great deal is: The Nature Of Money, Geoffrey Ingham https://www.amazon.com/Nature-Money-Geoffrey-Ingham/dp/07456... And this more recent Bank of England paper is exceptional: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/quarterly-bulletin/2014/q1/m...