复杂社会的崩溃
The collapse of complex societies
Joseph A. Tainter · 初版 1988 年
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为什么值得读
- 提出社会复杂性导致边际回报递减的硬核假说
- 详实考察多个古代文明兴衰并评述不同理论
- 颠覆对社会崩溃演变过程的传统认知
本书考察了复杂（后狩猎采集时代、等级制）社会及其崩溃现象，以及为解释崩溃而提出的各种理论。作者提出了自己的理论，该理论基于管理复杂性成本的不断上升及其导致的 marginal benefits 递减。
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延伸阅读：泰恩特（Tainter）——《复杂社会的崩溃》；戴蒙德（Diamond）——《崩溃：社会如何选择成败兴亡》；梅多斯（Meadows）等人——《增长的极限》。补充编辑：听完那期播客后，发现里面和泰恩特的大体论点有很多共通之处。我打算……
Further reading: Tainter -- "The Collapse of Complex Societies" Diamond -- "Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed" Meadows et al -- "Limits to Growth" edit: after listening to the podcast there is much in common with Tainter's general argument. I'll…
我更倾向于人类学家约瑟夫·泰恩特在《复杂社会的崩溃》（https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Tainter#Social_complexi...）中提出的理论。文明本质上是解决问题的实体，它们摸索出了某种用来解决文明危机的独门绝技。他们……
I'm more of a fan of anthropologist Joseph Tainter's theories from Collapse of Complex Societies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Tainter#Social_complexi...). Civilizations are problem solving entities that have some sort of trick they've developed for solving civilizational problems. They…
我推荐读读约瑟夫·泰恩特的《复杂社会的崩溃》[0]。复杂社会往往倾向于通过叠加越来越多的规章制度来解决问题，纯粹是因为它们一直以来都是这么做的，而且过去也确实奏效过。更多的……
I recommend reading "The Collapse of Complex Societies" by Joseph Tainter [0]. Complex societies tend to address problems by adding more and more rules and regulations, simply because they have always done so and it has been successful in the past. More…
约瑟夫·A·泰恩特的《复杂社会的崩溃》学术味有点浓，但对文明崩溃的研究非常扎实。它包含大量数据，研究了众多不同的文明，并审视了所有关于文明崩溃的流行理论。它指出……
Joseph A. Tainter's The Collapse Of Complex Societies is a bit academic but very good study of civilizational collapse. It has a lot of data, studies many different civilizations and examines all popular theories of civilizational collapse. It points to…
……倒不一定是社会的彻底毁灭，大多数情况下是迅速倒退到社会复杂度更低的层级。我最喜欢的书之一（也是上面链接引用的书）是约瑟夫·A·泰恩特的《复杂社会的崩溃》，他通过大量案例对崩溃的本质进行了极佳的研究（注意，其中有些例子有点过时且存疑，比如伊克人）。他还做过几场关于……的演讲。
…doesn't have to be a total destruction of the society, it's most often a fast transition to a lower level of social complexity. One of my favorite books (and a book referenced by the link above) is "The Collapse of Complex Societies" by Joseph A Tainter, he gives a great study on the nature of collapse with lots of examples (note, some of the examples are a little dated and dubious like the Ik). He also gave a few presentations on…
……面对各种极限的现实，我怎么推荐威廉·奥福尔斯的《生态学与匮乏的政治学》都不为过。http://www.worldcat.org/title/ecology-and-the-politics-of-sc... 约瑟夫·泰恩特的《复杂社会的崩溃》则阐述了更为宏观的动态规律。http://www.worldcat.org/title/collapse-of-complex-societies/...
…realities of addressing limits, I can't recommend William Ophuls, Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity highly enough. http://www.worldcat.org/title/ecology-and-the-politics-of-sc... Joseph Tainter, The Collapse of Complex Societies, spells out the more general dynamic. http://www.worldcat.org/title/collapse-of-complex-societies/...