反对方法
Against Method
Paul K. Feyerabend · 初版 1975 年
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为什么值得读
- 批判了波普尔对科学的理想化构想
- 提出怎么都行这一激进科学观
- 包含大量伽利略与牛顿革命的历史事实
Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge 是 Paul Feyerabend 于 1975 年出版的科学哲学著作，作者在书中主张科学是一项无政府主义的事业，而非合乎常规规律的事业。在本书的语境中，无政府主义特指认识论上的无政府主义。
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这基本上就是保罗·费耶阿本德（Paul Feyerabend）的论点，他以此作为反对存在所谓“科学方法”的核心依据。他在大学期间读过的科学哲学著作里，他的《反对方法》（Against Method）绝对名列前茅。
This is basically the thesis of Paul Feyerabend who used it as his main argument against there being a scientific method. His book "Against Method" is one of the best works on Philosophy of Science I've read during my university education.
任何喜欢库恩《科学革命的结构》的人，都应该接着去读保罗·费耶阿本德的《反对方法》和《告别理性》。总结起来就是：科学里只有一条规则，那就是“怎么都行！”（anything goes!）。科学方法和软件工程方法论之间有着挺有意思的相通之处……
Anyone who enjoys Kuhn's Structure should go on to read Paul Feyerabend's Against Method, and Farewell to Reason. To summarise: there is only one rule in science, and that is "anything goes!". There are interesting parallels between scientific method and software methods...
我超喜欢保罗·费耶阿本德。我觉得《反对方法》这个书名主要是想起到挑衅的效果。他的核心主张其实是提醒我们，波普尔的科学观只是一种理想化模型，而现实中的科学发现过程要混乱得多。……
I love Paul Feyerabend. I believe that the titel "Against Method" was mainly supposed to be provocative. His main point really is to remind us that Popper's view of science is an idealization and that the process of scientific discovery is much more messy in reality.…
读波普尔的时候，千万别漏了托马斯·库恩的《科学革命的结构》和保罗·费耶阿本德的《反对方法》。这些对波普尔的批判能让你更透彻地理解他的哲学。这两本书都包含了关于伽利略、牛顿和爱因斯坦革命极其切题的历史史实。
Don't read Popper without also reading 'The Structure of Scientific Revolutions' by Thomas Kuhn and 'Against Method' by Paul Feyerabend. Those critiques of Popper put his philosophy in a much clearer light. Both contain extremely pertinent historical facts about the Galilean, Newtonian and Einsteinian revolutions.
我认为费耶阿本德的《反对方法》是我读过最重要的书之一。这篇文章主要探讨了“美”作为科学的一个重要特征（可能确实如此，正如图波列夫所说，“丑陋的飞机飞不起来”），但……
I consider Feyerabend's Against Method to be one of the most important books I've ever read. The article primarily addresses beauty as an important feature of science (and it probably is, as Tupolev said, "an ugly plane won't fly") but one…
《证明与反驳》是一本神作，我非常喜欢那种风格。如果有人想更轻松地入门拉卡托斯，我强烈推荐《赞成方法与反对方法》（For and Against Method），里面概述了他和费耶阿本德的“论战”。如果你对科学理论不太感冒，（在我看来）拉卡托斯基本上就是 Popper++（我想大多数人都听说过波普尔）
"Proofs and Refutations" is a fantastic book, I really enjoy that style. If someone is looking for a more lightweight introduction to Lakatos I can highly recommend "For and Against Method" which outlines his "arguments" with Feyerabend. If you're not into science theory (imo) Lakatos is basically Popper++ (I think most people have heard of Popper)