在世存在
Being-in-the-world
Hubert L. Dreyfus · 初版 1990 年
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Being-in-the-World 是对本世纪最具影响力的哲学著作之一的解读指南：即对 Being and Time 第一部第一篇的解读，Martin Heidegger 在该篇中对在世存在提出了原创且强有力的阐释，并以此作为对传统本体论和认识论进行深刻批判的基础。Hubert Dreyfus 的评注为重新理解这位晦涩的哲学家开辟了道路，揭示了一套对于探讨世界现象不可或缺的严谨而富有启发性的词汇。1927年 Being and Time 的出版彻底震撼了整个学术界
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……熟悉德雷福斯在《计算机不能做什么》一书中对人工智能中“认知主义”的批判。他近期发表的文章《海德格尔式人工智能为何失败》也很有参考价值……还有他关于海德格尔的著作《在世》，为他的反认知主义观点提供了一些哲学背景。
…familiar with Dreyfus's critique of "cognitivism" in AI, as explained in his book What Computers Can't Do. His recent article "Why Heideggerian AI Failed" is also relevant... and his book on Heidegger, Being-in-the-World, which has some philosophical background for his anti-cognitivism.
最近我一直在啃德雷福斯关于海德格尔《存在与时间》的那本书，叫《在世》，觉得非常有启发，写得太妙了。现在我逢人便聊海德格尔，不管对方愿不愿意听，虽然我自己讲得也算不上多有条理。德雷福斯对“认知主义”做出了重要且有影响力的批判……
Lately I've been going through Dreyfus's book about Heidegger's Being and Time, called Being-in-the-world, and I've found it majorly inspiring and wonderful. Now I rave about Heidegger to anybody who will listen, more or less coherently. Dreyfus has made important and influential critiques of "cognitivist"…
……也许更深。海德格尔的核心本质上是一种“活生生体验的反柏拉图主义”。我极力推荐读一读对他的两种截然不同的诠释，即格雷厄姆·哈曼的《工具-存在》和休伯特·德雷福斯的《在世》。买书花不了几个钱。入这几本吧。Netflix 上的剧大多很烂。抽两三周时间去读读这些书吧。
…Maybe more. Heidegger at its core is an "antiplatonism of lived experience". I really can't recommend enough reading two very different interpretations of him, namely "Tool-being" by Graham Harman and "Being-in-the-world" by Hubert Dreyfus. Books are cheap. Get these. Most Netflix shows are bad. Read these books instead for two or three weeks.
……在执行某项任务时，它能让你在认知层面直观体会到大脑是如何运转的。（如果你感兴趣，且不介意硬啃一些晦涩文字的话，可以去买实体精装本和德雷福斯的《在世》，把两本放在一起读。单看维基百科条目或其他摘要，根本无法提供同等程度的底层体悟。）我还要提一下艾茵·兰德，她也曾鼓舞人心地写过关于……
…cognitive access it gives you to the work your brain does when engaged in a task. (If you're interested and don't mind slogging through some tough writing, pick up the hardcover version and Dreyfus' Being-in-the-World and read them together. Reading a Wikipedia article or some other summary fails to deliver the same degree of low-level access.) I'll also mention Ayn Rand as someone who wrote inspiringly about the…
……源于笛卡尔式心灵观的信念。他尤其批判了早期 AI 研究人员夸下的海口，但在我看来这些批判放到今天依然完全适用。比如，他在《在世》一书中写道：> 必须给计算机编程让人保持诚实。这里容不下扶手椅哲学家式的空想猜测。因此，AI 研究拆穿了笛卡尔认知主义者的把戏。嘴上说说很容易……
…beliefs derived from Cartesian views on the mind. He especially criticized the grand claims of early AI researchers, but I think the criticism is still easily applicable. Here, for example, from his book Being-in-the-world: > Having to program computers keeps one honest. There is no room for the armchair rationalist's speculations. Thus AI research has called the Cartesian cognitivist's bluff. It is easy to say that to…
诺尔的这种表述方式，与休伯特·德雷福斯在《在世》一书中提出的论点极其相似。那是对海德格尔的一种诠释，但行文非常清晰、非常“分析”。他甚至在书里写到了关于人工智能的有趣内容，并且影响了好几位 AI 研究人员。曾经有……
Naur's way of formulating that very closely resembles an argument presented by Hubert Dreyfus in his book Being-in-the-World. It's an interpretation of Heidegger, but it's very clear and "analytical." He's even got interesting stuff in there about artificial intelligence, and he influenced several AI researchers. There was…