蔓草边疆
Crabgrass Frontier
Kenneth T. Jackson · 初版 1985 年
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贯穿历史，居所的构建与布局比任何其他创意艺术成果都更深刻地揭示了一个民族的特质。本书探讨的是美国住房。我们的社区、道路、院落、房屋和公寓的空间规划，构筑了一种规范我们行为的生活模式。美国人所选择的住宅开发形态，反映出在其最主流的居住模式——郊区化（suburbia）中，对‘隔离与独立’的刻意追求。郊区化彰显了根本性的美国特征，例如……
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……比任何其他住房形式都多。联邦住房和交通政策还通过无数其他方式优先扶持郊区而非城市发展；想了解全面的视角，我推荐肯尼思·杰克逊（Kenneth Jackson）的书《马唐草边疆：美国的郊区化》（Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States，1985 年），https://www.amazon.com/Crabgrass-Frontier-Suburbanization-Un....
…than for any other form of housing. Federal housing and transportation policy have also promoted suburban over urban development in myriad other ways; for a broad take, I recommend Kenneth Jackson's book Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (1985), https://www.amazon.com/Crabgrass-Frontier-Suburbanization-Un....
……汉娜·阿伦特的《极权主义的起源》是 1958 年的，Internet Archive 上有，搜了一下完全没提到“葡萄”（grape）或者“斯坦贝克”（Steinbeck）。“愤怒”（Wrath）倒是提到了几次，但语境不同。第二本，肯尼思·T·杰克逊的《马唐草边疆：美国的郊区化》（Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States）是 1989 年的，Google Books 上能看到。它确实讲了这个故事，还补充说每个角色都有鞋穿也是被禁的原因之一。但并没有……
…Totalitarianism" by Hannah Arendt is from 1958 and is on the Internet Archive, and searching it brought no mention of "grape" or "Steinbeck." "Wrath" came up a few times in different context. The second, "Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States" by Kenneth T. Jackson is from 1989 available on Google Books. It does tell the story, adding that every character having shoes was also part of the ban. It doesn't…
其中一个方面是种族主义和排外情绪。别忘了莱维敦（Levittown）当年是个纯白人郊区。引用 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabgrass_Frontier ：杰克逊研究了新政对公共住房的贡献，并得出结论：“美国公共住房计划的结果（如果不是初衷的话）就是隔离种族、集中……
One aspect is racism and xenophobia. Remember that Levittown was a whites-only suburb. Quoting https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabgrass_Frontier : Jackson examined the New Deal's contributions to public housing and concludes that "the result, if not the intent, of the public housing program of the United States was to segregate the races, to concentrate…
……隔离的白人社区。“也许这是联邦政府第一次全盘接纳了市场上的歧视性态度，”历史学家肯尼思·T·杰克逊在他 1985 年出版的郊区化历史著作《马唐草边疆》（Crabgrass Frontier）中写道。“此前，偏见是个人的、零散的；联邦住房管理局（FHA）却公开倡导隔离，并将其确立为公共政策。整个城市的各个区域都被宣布不符合资格……
…segregated white neighborhoods. “For perhaps the first time, the federal government embraced the discriminatory attitudes of the marketplace,” the historian Kenneth T. Jackson wrote in his 1985 book, Crabgrass Frontier, a history of suburbanization. “Previously, prejudices were personalized and individualized; FHA exhorted segregation and enshrined it as public policy. Whole areas of cities were declared ineligible…
……https://inkspire.org/post/amsterdam-was-a-car-loving-city-in... 简·雅各布斯在 1961 年写了《美国大城市的死与生》（The Death and Life of Great American Cities）：* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Death_and_Life_of_Great_Am... 《马唐草边疆》（Crabgrass Frontier）出版于 1985 年：* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabgrass_Frontier 《无处之地》（The Geography of Nowhere）出版于 1993 年：* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Geography_of_Nowhere 我们几十年前就知道了……
…https://inkspire.org/post/amsterdam-was-a-car-loving-city-in... Jane Jacobs wrote The Death and Life of Great American Cities in 1961: * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Death_and_Life_of_Great_Am... The book Crabgrass Frontier was published in 1985: * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabgrass_Frontier The Geography of Nowhere was published in 1993: * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Geography_of_Nowhere We've know for decades…