北美九国
The nine nations of North America
Joel Garreau · 初版 1981 年
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北美实际上由“九国”组成。每个国家都有自己的首府，以及独具特色的权力与影响力网络。少数互为盟友，但许多彼此为敌。若干国家拥有公认的国民诗人，许多地方具有鲜明的方言与举止习俗。有的近乎蛮荒边疆；有的则拥有四个世纪的历史。每个国家都拥有独特的经济模式，并能从其民众那里唤起某种情感归属。这些国家在外貌、感受与语言风格上各不相同，且几乎没有哪个边界与现有地图上的政治划线重合。有的界限清晰……
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……共同的人民。你在苏联里的“联盟”（Union）概念，以及中国的“56个民族”里都能看到这点，虽然后者经常被不怀好意地翻译成“ethnic groups”。* 基于上面那本书，乔尔·加罗（Joel Garreau）写的《北美九国》（The Nine Nations of North America）是必读之作。* 《种族思想与帝国主义在欧洲的影响》：https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1084877980857986... * 《肤色情结：……
…shared people. You see this in the "union" part of the soviet union and the 56 nations of China, though this is frequently disingenuously translated as "ethnic groups". * building off the above book, "The Nine Nations of North America" is a must read. This was written by Joel Garreau. * "Racial ideas and the impact of imperialism in Europe": https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1084877980857986... * "the color complex: the…
别忘了算上乔尔·加罗的《北美九国》。主题类似，但得出的结论略有不同。
Don't forget to include Joel Garreau's "The Nine Nations of North America". The theme is similar, but the outcome is slightly different.
如果你对此感兴趣，有两本相关的书——受《北美九国》[2] 以及上述链接中数据启发的《美洲诸国》（American Nations）[1]，它们探讨了美国亚文化的地域差异。最近人格心理学领域也有一些研究试图探究区域性的……
If you are interested in this, there are two related books -- American Nations [1] which was inspired by The Nine Nations of North America [2] as well as the data presented in the link above -- that explore geographic variation in American subcultures. There is also some recent work in personality psychology that aims to get at regional…
让我想起了乔尔·加罗的《北美九国》（1981），三十年后他还对此发表过评论：http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/07/03/where-do-bor... 这本书同样忽视了州界，不过还把加拿大以及墨西哥和加勒比海的部分地区包括了进去。
Reminds me of Joel Garreau's Nine Nations of North America (1981) about which he commented 3 decades later: http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/07/03/where-do-bor... It also ignores state boundaries, but includes Canada and parts of Mexico and the Caribbean.
……西部。在不同文化相互碰撞摩擦的地方，你往往能看到极其丰富的语言多样性。有趣的是，伍达德的书与更早的一部作品——乔尔·加罗 1981 年的《北美九国》（https://www.amazon.com/Nine-Nations-North-America/dp/0380578...）遥相呼应。不过，加罗把整个北卡罗来纳州都划进了他的“迪克西”（Dixie）国，对应伍达德笔下的“深南部”（Deep South）。我好奇这到底有多少能归咎于……
…west. You'd expect to see lots of linguistic diversity in a place where different cultures are rubbing up against each other. Interestingly, Woodard's book echoes an earlier work, Joel Garreau's 1981 The Nine Nations of North America (https://www.amazon.com/Nine-Nations-North-America/dp/0380578...). Garreau, however, put all of NC inside his "Dixie" nation, the analogue to Woodard's "Deep South." I wonder how much of this can be chalked…
……几乎是唯一的解决途径。这意味着某个地方可能缺水，而另一个地方有水，却根本没法调配解决。再者，正如乔尔·加罗在《北美九国》中指出的那样，南加州和北加州在观念上存在分歧。南加州（想想洛杉矶）崇尚开发、增长和征服自然；北加州则崇尚和谐……
…are about the only way to do it. This means you can have a shortage of water in one place, and water available somewhere else, and not be able to fix things. Then, as Joel Garreau pointed out in "The Nine Nations of North America", there's the difference in viewpoint between northern and southern California. Southern California (think LA) believes in development, growth, conquering nature. Northern California believes in harmony…