美国教育的地下史
The underground history of American education
John Taylor Gatto · 初版 2000 年
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为什么值得读
- 揭示现代学校制度受普鲁士模式影响的历史渊源
- 剖析强制教育服务于廉价劳动力与顺从公民的成因
- 有力批判死记硬背与填鸭式的应试衡量标准
作为一名前教师，Gatto在被评为纽约州年度教师的同一年便毅然告别了讲台。他在给Wall Street Journal的一封题为《I Quit, I Think》的信中公布了这一决定。结合三十年教学生涯积累的轶事与一手文献，Gatto阐述了他对现代强制性学校教育与真正教育相对立的看法，并将其描绘为“一种以压制自由意志为代价提供人身安全与确定性的系统，与一种以承担持续风险为代价换取自由的系统之间的冲突”。Gatto指出，当前的教育策略正在助长
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……19 世纪晚期的美国，因为迫切需要廉价且容易替换的劳动力。推荐几本可以读的书：John Taylor Gatto 的《Dumbing Us Down》、《Weapons of Mass Instruction》和《The Underground History of American Education》。Charlotte Iserbyt 的《the deliberate dumbing down of america》。Ivan Illich 的《Deschooling Society》。John Holt 的：他的任何书都行，特别是《How Children Fail》和《How Children Learn》。---------- 此外……
…the USA during the late 19th century, due to the necessity of cheap and easily disposable labor. Here are some books to read: John Taylor Gatto: Dumbing Us Down, Weapons of Mass Instruction and The Underground History of American Education. Charlotte Iserbyt: the deliberate dumbing down of america. Ivan Illich: Deschooling Society. John Holt: Anything at all, but particularly How Children Fail and How Children Learn. ---------- Besides…
美国的学校正在做它们原本就被设计去做的事——批量制造听话顺从的标准公民元件。参见 Gatto 的《Underground History of American Education》。或者看看 PG 关于这个话题的一些吐槽。
American schools are doing what they're designed to do--crank out standard units of compliant citizens. Cf "Underground History of American Education" by Gatto. Or see some of PG's rants on the subject.
……事实证明，一旦你大学毕业，余生的大部分时间都是在和跟自己不同龄的人打交道。在家自学（homeschooling）在这方面的准备要比公立学校好得多。5）John Taylor Gatto 的《The Underground History of American Education》。去读读看就对了。绝对会让你大开眼界，而且论据非常扎实。TL;DR，我们的学校体系是模仿普鲁士制度建立的，当初设计它是为了打造一支能打败拿破仑的军队……
…turns out once you're out of college, most of the rest of your life will be spent with people who aren't your exact age. Homeschooling prepares you for that way better than public schooling. 5) "The Underground History of American Education", by John Taylor Gatto. Just read it. It'll blow your mind, and it's well-supported. TL;DR, our school system was modeled on the Prussian system designed to build an army that could beat Napoleon's…
……衡量“机械背诵并复述事实的能力”。更糟糕的是，主流的教育范式就是“把学生当成白板去填满”。参见：John Taylor Gatto 关于这一话题的书——《The Underground History of American Education》。其实还有其他的教育范式，但它们截然不同——没有考试、没有课程大纲、没有“填满白板”，也没有指标衡量。
…measure “ability to regurgitate facts”. It does not help that the mainstream educational paradigm is “to fill the blank slate that is the student”. See: John Taylor Gatto’s book on this subject— The Underground History of American Education. There are other educational paradigms, but they are radically different — no tests, no curriculum, no “fill the blank slate”, no measuring.
任何喜欢这篇文章的人大概都会喜欢 Gatto 的书《The Underground History of American Education》。它讲的是塑造美国及其他工业化国家义务教育演变的历史力量。这本书提出了一些相当大胆的观点。例如，“百分之九十六和……
Anyone who likes this essay would probably enjoy Gatto's book, The Underground History of American Education. It's about the historical forces that shaped the evolution of compulsory schooling it America and in other industrialized countries. The book makes some pretty bold claims. For example, "Ninety-six and…
我是之前在 HN 上一次关于比尔·盖茨的讨论中听说《The Underground History of American Education》的。有人说他们希望比尔能多关注一下 Gatto（《Underground History》的作者），而不是那个“知识就是力量”项目（KIPP）。真希望我能把这个链接发出来……
I heard about The Underground History of American Education here on HN during a discussion about Bill Gates. Someone said they wished Bill were more into Gatto (author of Underground History) than the Knowledge is Power program. I wish I could post this link…