第五代计算机的谬误
The fifth generation fallacy
J. Marshall Unger · 初版 1987 年
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数年以来，人们的目光一直聚焦在日本备受瞩目的Fifth Generation Project上，该研究计划旨在开发能够像人类一样思考的“智能”计算机。有人声称此类机器乃是未来的科技，谁先掌握它们，谁就将崛起成为世界经济的新领袖。在这本引人入胜的新书中，J. Marshall Unger揭示了西方对日本在Artificial Intelligence领域的意图存在彻底的误解。与普遍认为日本在技术上拥有不可撼动的优势这一观点相反
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…五代机项目，这篇文章棒就棒在让人重新记起当年这事有多疯狂，虽然它还没完全写出当时笼罩在整个项目周围那种丧心病狂的吹捧。有一本极好（尽管并非十全十美）的书叫《The Fifth Generation Fallacy》，作者是 J. M. Unger（机缘巧合简直离奇到让我觉得现实的编剧纯属偷懒——几年后，他居然成了我所在日语系的系主任），书里探讨了…
…generation project, and this article is a wonderful reminder of how crazy it was, though it doesn't quite capture the insane hype around the whole thing. There's an excellent, if imperfect, book called "The Fifth Generation Fallacy" by JM Unger (who, in a weird circumstance that makes me think the writers of our narrative are just plain lazy, a few years later, became the head of the Japanese department I was in) that talks about…
+1，我正翘首期盼 Mullaney 关于后打字机时代文本输入的后续作品（正在写作中）。一本冷门但很有意思的相关书籍是 Unger 的《Fifth Generation Fallacy》。如果抛开关于 1980 年代日本 AI 那些略显存疑的框架不谈，书里花了大篇幅讨论汉字文本输入（包括计算机文本输入），还引用了一些专门针对汉字的参考资料，这些在《Chinese Typewriter》…
+1, and I’m eagerly awaiting Mullaney’s follow-on (in progress) about post-typewriter text entry. An odd but interesting related book is Unger’s _Fifth Generation Fallacy_. If you ignore the dubious framing about 1980s Japanese AI, there’s a long discussion of kanji text entry (including computer text entry) with some kanji-specific references that _Chinese Typewriter_…
…一路上惊喜不断。要我说，它就像是日本计算机界的《人月神话》（Mythical Man Month）。这本书还让我彻底领教了学精日语有多难。https://www.amazon.com/Fifth-Generation-Fallacy-Artificial- Intelligence/dp/019504939X
…surprises along the way. I would say it is like the "Mythical Man Month" from the Japanese side of computing. The book also opened my eyes to the difficulty of mastering Japanese. https://www.amazon.com/Fifth-Generation-Fallacy-Artificial- Intelligence/dp/019504939X
…计算机化，其他国家仅仅因为日本人在搞就在 80 年代盲目给 AI 砸钱简直就是疯了。谁能帮个忙，我现在正试着找当时的参考出处。编辑：https://www.amazon.com/Fifth-Generation-Fallacy-Artificial-I...
…computerization and it would be madness for other countries to throw money at AI in the 80's just because the Japanese were. I'm trying to find a reference now if anyone can help. Edit: https://www.amazon.com/Fifth-Generation-Fallacy-Artificial-I...
语言学家 James Marshall Unger 在他的书《The Fifth Generation Fallacy》中指出，第五代计算机系统（FGCS）研究的核心动机其实是为日本文字系统开发自然语言处理（NLP）。他声称该项目注定失败，因为其中存在极高的歧义性…
Linguist James Marshall Unger in his book, The Fifth Generation Fallacy, argued that the primary motivation for FGCS reasearch was to develop NLP for the Japanese writing system. He claimed that the project was doomed to failure because the high level of ambiguity in the…
一本老书《The Fifth Generation Fallacy》（Unger 著）在一定程度上探讨了这个问题。我记得它谈到了当时日本领导层想要构建 AI 翻译的愿望，并将其与由于…导致在日语中实现全面扫盲的挑战联系在一起
An old book "The Fifth Generation Fallacy" (Unger) addresses this somewhat. As I recall it speaks about the desire by the Japanese leadership of the time to build AI translation and related it to the challenge of full literacy in Japanese due…