母牛、猪、战争与女巫
Cows, pigs, wars, & witches
Marvin Harris · 初版 1974 年
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本书向那些声称我们可以通过改变人们的思想来改变世界的人发起了挑战。作者指出，无论一个群体的行为看起来多么荒诞，它始终根植于具体的社会和经济条件。唯有分离并辨明这些条件，我们才能理解并应对自身那些看似毫无意义的生活方式。在对反文化萨满们展开凌厉抨击的同时，作者呼吁人们重归客观意识和理性的政治担当。
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Jennifer Raff 写的《Origin - A genetic history of the Americas》。关于人类如何抵达美洲的最新证据；这与我们传统认知中的说法大相径庭。Marvin Harris 写的《Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches》。关于文化规范如何塑造集体行为。《The Extermination of the American Bison》。写于 19 世纪末这场悲剧正在上演之时。包含大量关于事情如何发生及原因的精彩细节……
Origin - A genetic history of the Americas by Jennifer Raff. Recent evidence of how humans came to the Americas; it's a significantly different story than our conventional wisdom account. Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches by Marvin Harris. How cultural norms establish collective behavior. The Extermination of the American Bison. Written in the late 1800s as the tragedy was unfolding. Lots on great detail on how and why…
如果想从人类学角度对这个问题做更深层次、但又非常通俗易懂的探讨，你可以看看《cows, pigs, Wars, and witches》这本书。其中的一个案例研究就是一种有着类似繁荣-萧条周期的文化。
For a somewhat deeper anthropological dive into this, although in a very accessible way, you might check out the book "cows, pigs, Wars, and witches". One of the case studies is a culture with a boom-bust cycle much like this.
……能把那些原本看似荒谬的人类文化习俗（部落的、古代的以及现代的）解释得合情合理。如果你好奇并想读点有趣的东西——他文笔不错——去看看《Cows, Pigs, Wars and Witches》（最好是较新的版本之一），或者如果想看点稍微晦涩稠密一点的，可以看《Cannibals and Kings》。
…explanation that makes sense out of otherwise nonsensical human habits of cultures (tribal, ancient and modern). If you're curious and want to read something enjoyable—he's a decent writer—check out "Cows, Pigs, Wars and Witches" (preferably one of the later editions), or for something a little denser: "Cannibals and Kings".
事实上，基于宗教的道德完全是任意随性的。几年前我读过人类学家 Marvin Harris 写的一本书，书名叫《Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches: The Riddles of Culture》，他在书中解释了为什么穆斯林和犹太人被禁止吃猪肉，是因为这些宗教发源于一个……
In fact, moral based on religion is completely arbitrary. Some years ago I read a book titled "Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches: The Riddles of Culture" by the anthropologist Marvin Harris, where he explained that the reason why it is forbidden for muslims and jews to eat pork, is because those religions where originated in a…