……各民主国家，直到入侵埃塞俄比亚以及通过种族法。这就是《美丽新世界》创作时的社会背景（注意“贝尼托·胡佛”这个角色）。我建议读读这两篇：1）翁贝托·艾柯的《永恒的法西斯主义》（UR-fascism）http://www.themodernword.com/eco/eco_blackshirt.html —— 试图界定跨越不同政权的法西斯主义显著特征。2）《三个新政》（Three New Deals），http://www.amazon.com/Three-New-Deals-Reflections-Roosevelts...…
…democracies until the invasion of Ethiopia and adoption of racial laws. This was social context when Brave New World was written (note the "Benito Hoover" character). I'd suggest reading these pieces: 1) "UR-fascism" by Umberto Eco http://www.themodernword.com/eco/eco_blackshirt.html -- attempts to define salient features of fascism across the different regimes. 2) "Three New Deals", http://www.amazon.com/Three-New-Deals-Reflections-Roosevelts...…
…both fictional and nonfiction insight into what it's like to experience authoritarianism firsthand, not picture-book,elementary school level accounts of how evil North Korea is. I recommend Umberto Eco's Ur-Fascism, Orwell's Politics and the English Language, and the play Rhinoceros by Eugene Ionesco as starting examples.
…he died in 2016. There are not so many people left alive who remember the hard end of WW2-era fascism. The one I always refer people to, written in 1995 but applicable to any time, is Umberto Eco's "Ur-Fascism". http://www.pegc.us/archive/Articles/eco_ur-fascism.pdf - written from his personal experience as a young boy in fascist Italy at the time of its liberation. The full essay is long and detailed, and…
I appreciated the link to Umberto Eco's essay on Ur-Fascism. Point 8 on the fascists is topical: 8. The followers must feel humiliated by the ostentatious wealth and force of their enemies. When I was a boy I was taught to think of Englishmen as the five-meal…
…Fascism, at least as the Nazi's defined and implemented it, is the belief that a socialist economy will work when the people have a similar genetic likeness. Wrong. You can read Umberto Eco's essay "Ur-Fascism" to have a more informed view.
……各民主国家，直到入侵埃塞俄比亚以及通过种族法。这就是《美丽新世界》创作时的社会背景（注意“贝尼托·胡佛”这个角色）。我建议读读这两篇：1）翁贝托·艾柯的《永恒的法西斯主义》（UR-fascism）http://www.themodernword.com/eco/eco_blackshirt.html —— 试图界定跨越不同政权的法西斯主义显著特征。2）《三个新政》（Three New Deals），http://www.amazon.com/Three-New-Deals-Reflections-Roosevelts...…
…democracies until the invasion of Ethiopia and adoption of racial laws. This was social context when Brave New World was written (note the "Benito Hoover" character). I'd suggest reading these pieces: 1) "UR-fascism" by Umberto Eco http://www.themodernword.com/eco/eco_blackshirt.html -- attempts to define salient features of fascism across the different regimes. 2) "Three New Deals", http://www.amazon.com/Three-New-Deals-Reflections-Roosevelts...…
……无论是虚构还是非虚构的洞见，让人切身体会亲历威权主义是种什么感觉，而不是那种小人书、小学水平的“朝鲜有多邪恶”的描述。我推荐翁贝托·艾柯的《永恒的法西斯主义》、奥威尔的《政治与英语》，以及欧仁·尤内斯库的戏剧《犀牛》，作为入门的例子。
…both fictional and nonfiction insight into what it's like to experience authoritarianism firsthand, not picture-book,elementary school level accounts of how evil North Korea is. I recommend Umberto Eco's Ur-Fascism, Orwell's Politics and the English Language, and the play Rhinoceros by Eugene Ionesco as starting examples.
……他于2016年去世。现在还记得二战时期法西斯主义残酷结局的活人已经不多了。我总是向人们推荐翁贝托·艾柯写于1995年但放之四海而皆准的《永恒的法西斯主义》（Ur-Fascism）。http://www.pegc.us/archive/Articles/eco_ur-fascism.pdf —— 这是根据他小时候在法西斯意大利经历解放时期的切身体会写成的。整篇文章篇幅很长，细节丰富，而且……
…he died in 2016. There are not so many people left alive who remember the hard end of WW2-era fascism. The one I always refer people to, written in 1995 but applicable to any time, is Umberto Eco's "Ur-Fascism". http://www.pegc.us/archive/Articles/eco_ur-fascism.pdf - written from his personal experience as a young boy in fascist Italy at the time of its liberation. The full essay is long and detailed, and…
我很欣赏指向翁贝托·艾柯关于“永恒法西斯主义”那篇随笔的链接。关于法西斯分子的第8点很切中要害：8. 追随者必须对敌人招摇的财富和力量感到被羞辱。我小的时候，大人们教导我要把英国人看作一日五餐的……
I appreciated the link to Umberto Eco's essay on Ur-Fascism. Point 8 on the fascists is topical: 8. The followers must feel humiliated by the ostentatious wealth and force of their enemies. When I was a boy I was taught to think of Englishmen as the five-meal…
我觉得翁贝托·艾柯对“永恒法西斯主义”（Ur-Fascism）特征的提炼要好得多。https://www.openculture.com/2016/11/umberto-eco-makes-a-list...
I think Umberto Eco distilled much better the characterics of "Ur-Fascism". https://www.openculture.com/2016/11/umberto-eco-makes-a-list...
……法西斯主义，至少按照纳粹对其的定义和实践，是一种认为当人民拥有相似遗传特征时社会主义经济就能奏效的信念。大错特错。你可以去读读翁贝托·艾柯的随笔《永恒的法西斯主义》，能让你了解得更透彻。
…Fascism, at least as the Nazi's defined and implemented it, is the belief that a socialist economy will work when the people have a similar genetic likeness. Wrong. You can read Umberto Eco's essay "Ur-Fascism" to have a more informed view.