暴胀的宇宙
The inflationary universe
Alan H. Guth · 初版 1997 年
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经典的 big bang theory 非常擅长描述爆炸发生之后的演变。然而直到最近，粒子物理学家和宇宙学家仍受困于许多 big bang theory 无法解答的谜题，包括：起初究竟是什么促成了大爆炸的“爆发”？如果物质既不能被创造也不能被毁灭，虚无之中何以凭空涌现出如此庞大的物质？为什么我们只能窥见 mega-universe 的极小一部分？1979 年，一位名叫 Alan Guth 的年轻粒子物理学家解答了这些疑问，并凭借现代宇宙学最伟大的发现之一——cosmic inflation 登上了新闻头条……
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……（回答你的问题）。那导致了宇宙极其迅猛的膨胀。紧接着没多久，假真空发生‘衰变’，引力也开始变成大家所熟知的表现形式。去读读 Alan Guth 的《暴胀宇宙》（The Inflationary Universe）吧——把一个极度复杂的主题写得令人惊讶的通俗易懂。我要是有说错的地方，欢迎大家纠错！
…(to answer your question). That caused enormously fast expansion of the universe. Very shortly afterwards, the false vacuum "decayed", and gravity started behaving as you know it. Check out Alan Guth's inflationary universe - a surprisingly accessible book on a deeply complex subject. Someone please correct me where I'm wrong!
……要推导为什么引力势能必须为负值并不难。[0] 至于这个事实在宇宙学上的意义，可以参考 Lawrence Krauss 的书《无中生有的宇宙》（A Universe from Nothing），还有 Alan Guth 的《暴胀宇宙》（The Inflationary Universe），斯蒂芬·霍金在《时间简史》（A Brief History of Time）里也有提及。[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_energy
…not difficult to derive why the gravitational potential energy must be negative.[0] For the cosmological implications of this fact, there's Lawrence Krauss's book "A Universe from Nothing", also "The Inflationary Universe" by Alan Guth, and Stephen Hawking touches on it in "A Brief History of Time." [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_energy
……暴胀模型（Inflation）是目前解释大爆炸之前发生了什么的最佳模型。空间不断膨胀，直到假真空态衰变，释放出所有这些自由能，从而引发了大爆炸。Alan Guth 的书《暴胀宇宙》（The Inflationary Universe）是讲这个主题的一本极佳读物，读起来非常顺畅。[0] https://youtu.be/lcjdwSY2AzM?si=2rzLCFk5me8V6D_t
…Inflation is currently the best model for what happened before the Big Bang. Space expanded until the false vacuum state decayed, releasing all this free energy to create the big bang. Alan Guth's book, The Inflationary Universe, is a great book on the topic that is very readable. [0] https://youtu.be/lcjdwSY2AzM?si=2rzLCFk5me8V6D_t
……我们可见的宇宙所占厚度还不到这层球壳的 10^-23。这源自 Alan Guth 1997 年出书 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Inflationary_Universe> 之前大家私下探讨的一系列构想。你可以想象有一个球壳落向的反射面，这个反射面可能类似于一个白洞；而当整个球壳最终重新汇聚到中心时，你就能得到一个循环宇宙模型……
…our visible universe occupying less than 10^-23 of the shell's thickness. This is from a family of ideas tossed around a bit before Alan Guth published his 1997 book <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Inflationary_Universe>. One could imagine a reflector onto which the shell fell, and that reflector could resemble a white hole; you can get a cyclic cosmology by having the entire shell eventually reconverge on the central…