媒体垄断
The media monopoly
Ben H. Bagdikian · 初版 1983 年
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“1983年《The Media Monopoly》第一版出版时，批评人士称Ben Bagdikian关于企业所有权和大众广告对全美新闻产生寒蝉效应的警告是‘危言耸听’。自那时起，控制美国大部分日报、杂志、广播、电视、图书和电影的公司数量已从50家骤降至10家，再到6家。本版包含一篇极具震撼力的新序言，详细阐述了跨入21世纪时的媒体格局，并对新技术的深远影响进行了全新的审视。”——书封。
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……我会推荐的作者包括埃德·赫尔曼和诺姆·乔姆斯基的《制造共识》（Manufacturing Consent，书名本身就是引用李普曼的作品）、罗伯特·W·麦克切斯尼关于媒体的大量著作、本·H·巴格迪基安的《媒介垄断》（The Media Monopoly，著名的 Google “Backrub” 论文中引用过，http://infolab.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html）、尼尔·波兹曼的《娱乐至死》（Amusing Ourselves to Death），以及爱德华·杰·爱泼斯坦的《来自未知处的新闻》（News from Nowhere，https://archive.org/details/newsfromnowheret00epst）……
…authors I'd recommend would be Ed Herman and Noam Chomsky's Manufacturing Consent (the title itself is a reference to Lippmann's work), Robert W. McChesney's many books on media, Ben H. Bagdikian, The Media Monopoly (cited in the famouse Google "Backrub" paper (http://infolab.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html), Neil Postman's Amusing Ourself to Death, and Edward Jay Espstein, News from Nowhere (https://archive.org/details/newsfromnowheret00epst).…
本·巴格迪基安——其最有名的著作是《媒介垄断》（The Media Monopoly）[1]——曾说过，所谓的“媒体偏见”不过是报社记者偏自由派，而报社老板偏保守派罢了。残酷的真相是，读者对真正的新闻报道根本漠不关心，因为……
Ben Bagdikian, whose most famous book is The Media Monopoly [1] said that the story of "media bias" is that newspaper reporters are liberal but the owner of the paper is conservative. The awful truth is that readers are indifferent to real reporting, because…
……在学到东西的层面上算“消息更灵通”，但你和其他观众的共同话题就没那么多了。https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Bagdikian 最出名的书是《媒介垄断》（The Media Monopoly），但他 1971 年出版的那本冷门书《信息机器：对人与媒体的影响》（The Information Machines: Their Impact on Men and the Media）极具预见性地描绘了未来网络新闻的样貌，因为他曾在兰德公司（RAND Corporation）工作过……
…be better "informed" in the sense of learning something but you wouldn't have as much shared experience with other viewers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Bagdikian is most famous for his book The Media Monopoly but his obscure 1971 book The Information Machines: Their Impact on Men and the Media was highly predictive of what news on the web was going to look like because he had worked for the RAND corporation…
……www.akorn.tv。我们期待与“你”携手打造一部影片，就这些重大议题对美国公众进行科普和宣传。本文参考来源包括：巴格迪基安，本。《媒介垄断》（The Media Monopoly） Free Press. <http://www.freepress.net/ownership/chart/main> 莱斯格，劳伦斯。《重混》（Remix） 麦克切斯尼，罗伯特 与 约翰·尼科尔斯。《美国新闻业的生与死》（The Death and Life of American Journalism）……
…www.akorn.tv. We look forward to partnering with YOU in creating a film that educates and informs the American public on these important issues. Sources for this article include: Bagdikian, Ben. The Media Monopoly Free Press. <http://www.freepress.net/ownership/chart/main> Lessig, Lawrence. Remix McChesney, Robert and John Nichols. The Death and Life of American Journalism.…
……在美国互为竞争对手的媒体公司，在欧洲往往穿同一条裤子。背地里有大量的勾结串通。伯克利新闻学院前院长、《媒介垄断》（Media Monopoly）的作者本·巴格迪基安花了 30 年时间煞费苦心地记录这些利益关系。这些传媒巨头不断合并，权势与日俱增。它们的目标当然是死死盯住要吞下……
…media firms that are competitors in the United States are many times joined at the hip in Europe. There is a ton of collusion going on. Ben Bagdikian, former Berkeley Journalism Dean and author of "Media Monopoly" has spent 30 years painstakingly chronicling these relationships. These media conglomerates are constantly merging and getting more powerful by the day. They of course have their sights firmly on taking…
……小镇。这是一种劣币驱逐良币（Gresham's Law）的动态演变，至少早在 20 世纪 50 年代就有人注意到了，参见德怀特·麦克唐纳的《大众文化理论》、H·L·门肯的《贝亚德对狮心王》，或是本·巴格迪基安的《媒介垄断》（The Media Monopoly）。此外还有一个“微不足道”的小问题：民粹主义、煽动性及/或法西斯政治运动对大众媒体的颠覆，是一个非常明显的历史趋势。参见马歇尔·麦克卢汉的《谷登堡星汉》（The Gutenberg Galaxy）……
…town. It's a Gresham's Law dynamic that's been observed at least as far back as the 1950s, see Dwight McDonald, "A Theory of Mass Culture", H.L. Mencken, "Bayard v. Lionheart", or Ben Bagdikian's The Media Monopoly. There's also the wee slight problem that subversion of mass media by populist, demagogic, and/or fascist political movements is a distinct historical trend. See Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy,…