…shortest and quickest answer, here a good one I think, is that given by Betteridge's Law[1] — No. But it depends. [0] A couple of very readable and more-relevant-than-ever classics on this theme: Michels' Political Parties (1911) and Lippmann's Public Opinion (1922). [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betteridge%27s_law_of_headline...
This is equally an argument against forming any organization, isn't it? Michels' classic Political Parties is a fascinating and depressing look at that problem. This stuff, problems with democracy, was fretted over 100 years ago, not so much nowadays, since democracy was redefined as what is called 'democracy'…
…of it, which enables the oligarchs Slightly related, and for anyone that might accuse the OP of using the term "oligarch" as too modern or too politically-motivated, I highly suggest Robert Michels's "Political Parties", a book written more than 100 years ago and whose subtitle says it all: "A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy". I've just finished reading it (it had been on my to-read…
…'whatever they now have in countries we call democratic', thus avoiding the worrying about democracy that produced the fascinating books of the early 20th C on problems with it. e.g. Lippmann's, Michels' Political Parties)
Sadly, and fortunately, there is no such thing as "avoiding centralization", the evidence is overwhelming: == Politics & Sociology (power concentrates in organizations) - Robert Michels, Political Parties (1911) origin of the "iron law of oligarchy": even democratic groups tend to end up run by a few: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_law_of_oligarchy - Jo Freeman, "The Tyranny of Structurelessness"…
……最短、最干脆的回答（而且我觉得挺靠谱）就是贝特里奇定律（Betteridge's Law）[1]给出的——不能。不过也得看情况。[0] 关于这个主题有两部读起来很顺畅、而且在今天比以往任何时候都更具现实意义的经典：米歇尔斯的《Political Parties》（1911）和李普曼的《Public Opinion》（1922）。[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betteridge%27s_law_of_headline...
…shortest and quickest answer, here a good one I think, is that given by Betteridge's Law[1] — No. But it depends. [0] A couple of very readable and more-relevant-than-ever classics on this theme: Michels' Political Parties (1911) and Lippmann's Public Opinion (1922). [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betteridge%27s_law_of_headline...
这同样也是反对建立任何组织的论据，不是吗？米歇尔斯（Michels）的经典著作《Political Parties》对这个问题的剖析既引人入胜又让人沮丧。民主存在的各种弊病，早在100年前就被人翻来覆去发愁过了，如今倒没那么多人纠结，因为民主已经被重新定义成了所谓的“民主”……
This is equally an argument against forming any organization, isn't it? Michels' classic Political Parties is a fascinating and depressing look at that problem. This stuff, problems with democracy, was fretted over 100 years ago, not so much nowadays, since democracy was redefined as what is called 'democracy'…
……的它，从而让寡头们有机可乘。稍微扯开一点，如果有谁指责楼主用“寡头”这个词太现代、或者政治动机太强，我强烈推荐罗伯特·米歇尔斯（Robert Michels）写于100多年前的《Political Parties》，它的副标题就说明了一切：“现代民主中寡头倾向的社会学研究”。我刚读完它（它之前一直在我的待读列表里……
…of it, which enables the oligarchs Slightly related, and for anyone that might accuse the OP of using the term "oligarch" as too modern or too politically-motivated, I highly suggest Robert Michels's "Political Parties", a book written more than 100 years ago and whose subtitle says it all: "A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy". I've just finished reading it (it had been on my to-read…
……“无论如今我们在所谓民主国家里拥有的是什么”，从而避开了对民主问题的担忧——正是那种担忧催生了20世纪初关于民主弊病的一批精彩著作。比如李普曼的著作、米歇尔斯的《Political Parties》）
…'whatever they now have in countries we call democratic', thus avoiding the worrying about democracy that produced the fascinating books of the early 20th C on problems with it. e.g. Lippmann's, Michels' Political Parties)
既令人遗憾又值得庆幸的是，根本不存在所谓“避免中心化”这回事，证据多得压倒一切：== 政治学与社会学（权力在组织中会趋于集中）- 罗伯特·米歇尔斯（Robert Michels），《Political Parties》（1911），“寡头统治铁律”的起源：即使是民主团体，最终也往往由少数人掌权：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_law_of_oligarchy - 乔·弗里曼（Jo Freeman），《无结构之暴政》（The Tyranny of Structurelessness）……
Sadly, and fortunately, there is no such thing as "avoiding centralization", the evidence is overwhelming: == Politics & Sociology (power concentrates in organizations) - Robert Michels, Political Parties (1911) origin of the "iron law of oligarchy": even democratic groups tend to end up run by a few: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_law_of_oligarchy - Jo Freeman, "The Tyranny of Structurelessness"…