论重要之事
On what matters
Derek Parfit · 初版 2009 年
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本书是Derek Parfit 1984年著作Reasons and Persons的续作。Parfit对reasons、rationality与normativity提出了强有力的新论述，并对三大系统性道德理论——Kant's ethics、contractualism和consequentialism——进行了批判性审视，最终得出了具有开创性的综合结论。
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德里克·帕菲特（Derek Parfit）的《论重要之事》（On What Matters）。我买的正好是第 1 卷，不过第 2 卷同样绝赞。讲真，《理由与人格》（Reasons & Persons）拿来当礼物也很棒。
On What Matters by Derek Parfit. Happened to be vol. 1, but vol. 2 is also fantastic. Honestly, Reasons & Persons would also make a fine gift.
我挺喜欢帕菲特的文字。他最重要的两本书大概就是《理由与人格》（Reasons and Persons）和《论重要之事》（On What Matters）了。在《论重要之事》[1]中，他提出了一种崭新的伦理学理论，融合了后果主义（consequentialism）、康德道义论（Kantian deontology）以及契约论（social contract theory）。[1]：排版不错的 EPUB：http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=35E9FA954593C060F52...
I like Parfit's writing. His two most important books are probably Reasons and Persons and On What Matters. In On What Matters,[1] he suggests a new ethical theory which is a synthesis of consequentialism, Kantian deontology, and social contract theory. [1]: A nice EPUB: http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=35E9FA954593C060F52...
……是件很愚蠢的事。这并不算是对你困惑的正面解答，但也许能降低自由意志在你心中的分量。如果你对我刚才总结的观点感兴趣，可以去看看德里克·帕菲特的《论重要之事》（On What Matters）第一卷第38节：“道德所要求的自由”（或者直接回复我，我会尽力解答）。
…is a foolish thing to do. This isn't a direct answer to your concern, but it might reduce how important free will is to you. If you're interested on the account I just summarized, see Derek Parfit's On What Matters, Vol 1 Section 38: "The Freedom that Morality Requires" (or just reply and I'll give my best attempt at answering).
> 按什么指标来算“更好”？对谁来说“更好”？出自德里克·帕菲特的《论重要之事》（On What Matters）第 126 章（这一切都值得吗？）： > 如果一个人经历着漫长而痛苦的死亡，那么无论对这个人本身而言，还是非人身客体地来说，要是生命早点结束，都会更好。……
> Better by what metric? Better for whom? From Derek Parfit's On What Matters, chapter 126 (Has It All Been Worth It?): > If someone dies a slow and painful death, it would have been both better for this person, and impersonally better, if this person’s life had ended earlier.…
……通过一本全新的书深入某个非常具体的领域。比如我入学的前一年，他们精读了《攀登高山》（Climbing the Mountain），这是帕菲特后来那本《论重要之事》（On What Matters）的早期草稿。不管怎么说，我们那一年选了《描述内在体验》（Describing Inner Experience），这本书成了我接触一种极其有用的视角的敲门砖，为我打开了认知科学（CogSci）的大门，因为我原本的假设（这些假设可能会……
…in a very specific area by way of a brand new book. For example, the year prior to my arrival they read thru a "Climbing the Mountain", an early draft of the book that would eventually become Parfit's "On What Matters". Anyway, my year all picked "Describing Inner Experience", and this would become my introduction to an ultimately useful view that opened the world of CogSci to me since assumptions I had (which can…