正义论
A theory of justice
John Rawls · 初版 1971 年
23人推荐
67位读者提及
75次提及
为什么值得读
- 详尽剖析效率与分配正义之间的平衡
- 借助无知之幕思考理想公正的社会制度
- 强调评价制度应聚焦最弱势群体的处境
Rawls 在本书中阐述的正义原则，是自由且理性的人在平等的初始状态下都会接受的原则。在这一对应于社会契约论中自然状态的假想情境中，没有人知道自己在社会中的位置、阶级地位或社会身份；没有人知道自己在天赋与才能分配中的运气、智力、体力等；甚至不知道自己对善的观念。因此，在无知之幕（veil of ignorance）后进行审议，人们确立了自己的权利和义务。第一部分
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……极度理性、但完全缺乏同理心或情感感知力的人，就应该统治世界吗？我觉得理想社会应该更符合约翰·罗尔斯（John Rawls）的哲学（https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Theory_of_Justice）。
…analytical, but has no empathy or emotional understanding whatsoever, should rule the world? I think an ideal society would be more in line with John Rawls' philosophy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Theory_of_Justice).
……本·拉登以及资助美国全国步枪协会（NRA）的那帮人。如果对财富征税，那财富的争夺就会发生在一个大家共同参与的公共空间里，每个人不论人微言轻都有发言权。我很喜欢罗尔斯在《正义论》里提出的论点，他说在思考如何构建一个公平社会时，你应该站在一个事先不知道自己在那个社会里会扮演什么角色的视角去思考。
…Osama Bin Laden and the guys who funded the NRA. If the wealth is taxed then it is fought over in a shared space in which we all have a say, no matter how small. I like the argument that Rawls made in "A theory of Justice", where he said that when you are deciding how to make a fair society you should think from a perspective in which you do not know what role you will have in that society.
……如果你不是在某个制度里占据有利位置就不会去支持它，那么支持这种制度往往是不明智的。你这是在有意引用约翰·罗尔斯在《正义论》里提出的“无知之幕”（veil of ignorance）概念吗？如果不是，那你绝对会喜欢这本书里的思想。http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veil_of_ignorance
…often unwise to support a system you would not support if you did not have a favorable position within it. Is this an intentional reference to John Rawls' concept of the 'veil of ignorance' laid out in Theory of Justice? If not, you would definitely enjoy the ideas in the book. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veil_of_ignorance
幸运的是，哲学学术圈对这个话题已经有过非常广泛的讨论。去读读罗尔斯的《正义论》吧——他非常详细地论述了人们应当如何在效率（比如效用最大化）与分配正义这两股相互竞争的力量之间找到平衡。
Fortunately, this is a topic that has been widely discussed in academic philosophical circles. Read Rawls' "Theory of Justice" - he goes into great detail on how one ought to balance the competing forces of efficiency (e.g. maximal utility) and distributive justice.
没错没错。约翰·罗尔斯的正义论理应成为学校的必修内容。真正重要的是社会最底层穷人的处境如何，而不是单纯看收入分配。如果一个体制造就了超级富豪阶层，但最终让社会最底层的人……
Yep yep. The John Rawls's theory of justice should be a required topic in school. What matters is how well the poorest in society are doing, not the income distribution. If a system creates a mega rich class but ends up with the poorest in society…
去看看约翰·罗尔斯的《正义论》。这是我所知道对功利主义（Utilitarian）思维最有力的挑战。（比如奴隶制之所以错误，并不是因为坏处盖过了好处，而是从……的角度来看，它本身就是错的
Check out A Theory of Justice by John Rawls. Best challenge to Utilitarian thinking I know of. (E.g. slavery is wrong not because bad outweighs good, but rather because it is inherently wrong when seen from the perspective of the…