花园里的机器
The Machine in the Garden
Leo Marx · 初版 1964 年
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“四十多年来，Leo Marx 的研究一直专注于19与20世纪美国科技与文化之间的关系。他的研究协助奠定了——并持续丰富着——关注科技进步与决定此类关联的社会文化机制之间联系的美国研究领域。The Machine in the Garden 深入剖析了19世纪初美国文化中典型的“田园”理想与“进步”理想之间的差异，这些理想最终演化成了许多环境与核……的基础。”
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看到没人提里奥·马克斯（Leo Marx）的《花园里的机器》（The Machine in the Garden），我挺惊讶的，因为要论文章里探讨的内容——美国对田园生活的理想化[1]，这大概是最权威的一本著作了。正如博文所暗示的，这其实并不局限于程序员群体……
I was surprised to see no mention of Leo Marx's: The Machine in the Garden, because that's probably the most canonical book on exactly what the article talks about, the idealization of pastoral life in America[1]. As the blog post hints at it's not really limited to programmers…
……领域。《进步的触角》（The Tentacles of Progress）——讲述技术如何为帝国主义服务，并进一步加深剥削，即使是其他国家在资助发展中国家搞基建也是如此。《花园里的机器》（The Machine in the Garden）——可能是这份书单里最重要的一本书，它彻底颠覆了我的生活，也是我最经常思考的一本书。它指出，美国对没有技术的田园自然风光的憧憬是……
…field. The Tentacles of Progress --- how technology lends itself to imperialism, and furthers exploitation, even when other nations fund the development of infrastructure in developing nations. The Machine in the Garden --- possibly the single most important book on this list, the one that turned my life upside down and which I think about most regularly. It posits that America's idyll of a tech-free natural scene is…
……相比于那些整天靠索麻（soma）和性麻痹自己的羊群而言。如果今天有人写出这样一本书，你可能会觉得他收音机脱口秀听得太多了，而且我认为这就是里奥·马克斯所说的“花园里的机器”神话[1]最好的例子之一。即（主要是英语圈的）作家们所抱有的焦虑感：技术和工业化摧毁了他们天然的、上帝赐予的田园社区。我觉得自己可能是少数几个……
…compared to all the sheep on soma and sex. If someone wrote this book today you would think they have listened to too much talk radio, and I think it's one of the best examples of what Leo Marx called 'the machine in the garden' myth.[1] the anxiety of (predominantly anglosphere) authors that technology and industrialization disrupt their naturalistic and God given, pastoral community. I think I might be one of the few people…
我认为这两者都非常契合里奥·马克斯在谈论美国文学时所谓的“花园里的机器”[1]神话这一套路（trope）。这是一种作家渴望小规模的、未被机器沾染的田园与自然风貌的故事模式，诸如此类。这在奥威尔的民主社会主义中……
I think both fit very well within the trope that Leo Marx when talking about American literature called the Machine in the Garden[1] myth. It's a sort of story in which authors long for pastoral, naturalistic settings that are small scale and untouched by machinery, and so forth. This is both found in Orwell's democratic Socialism…
……在英语世界中。原因之一是奥威尔骨子里的技术恐惧症（technophobia）和狭隘狭隘的地方主义，这可以说是美英推想小说（speculative fiction）中最核心的主题，也就是里奥·马克斯所戏称的“花园里的机器”神话。它讲的是现代性、工业化和城市社会入侵被理想化的农业文化的观念。你在《指环王》、《美丽新世界》、以及在《1984》里大肆赞美天然巧克力的桥段中都能看到这种影子……
…in the English speaking world. One reason is Orwell's inherent technophobia and parochialism which is arguably the dominant theme in American and English speculative fiction, what Leo Marx dubbed 'the Machine in the Garden' myth. It's about the idea of modernity, industrialization and urban society intruding an idealized agrarian culture. You find in in LOTR, Brave New World, 1984 with its waxing over natural chocolate…
……更多。我认为这里可以有一种更精妙的解读方式。什么才算“科技公司”，定义是随时代而改变的。铁路公司在当年绝对是不折不扣的科技公司。参考 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Machine_in_the_Garden ：“书名源自美国文学中的一个套路，代表着由于19和20世纪美国的工业化，技术对田园风光的打断。”……
…more. I'd argue there's a subtler reading here. What makes a "technology company" changes over time. Railroad companies were very much technology companies. Consider https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Machine_in_the_Garden : "The title of the book refers to a trope in American literature representing the interruption of pastoral scenery by technology due to the industrialization of America during the 19th and 20th century."…