国家与革命
State and Revolution
Vladimir Il’ich Lenin · 初版 1918 年
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为什么值得读
- 文字相对通俗易懂，具极强的思想启发性
- 精辟概括了马克思对资本主义国家和警察的批判
- 公开探讨废除威权国家与实现激进民主的构想
Lenin 于 1917 年躲避俄国秘密警察期间撰写了 State and Revolution。该书阐述了国家的本质是阶级压迫的工具，是一个社会阶级企图控制所有其他社会阶级的产物。通过广泛引用 Karl Marx 和 Friedrick Engels 的论述，Lenin 确立了马克思主义的国家观，阐述了工人阶级革命将如何推翻国家，并进一步指出仅靠社会民主是远远不够的——即使在当今许多西方国家所实行的民主共和国中，统治阶级依然
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……左翼的可悲现状。如果你真想找真凭实据，看看在社会主义最受关注的时代，真正重量级的社会主义思想家们是怎么看待国家的，那就去读马克思的《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》，或者读列宁的《国家与革命》，然后自己得出结论。
…pitiful state of the Left. You want actual evidence of what actual major socialist thinkers thought of the state during the time when socialism was most relevant, read Marx's 18th Brumaire or read Lenin's State and Revolution and come to your own conclusions.
……李嘉图，读了之后也会轻松得多。要是想进阶一下，读读马克思那篇短篇《工资、价格和利润》，作为入门比整本书容易懂一点。如果你还能挤出时间读第二本，我推荐列宁的《国家与革命》。马克思指出了问题所在并给出了一个粗糙的解法，而列宁则提供了一个不错的解决方案。这两本读完基本上就能掌握大半了。维基百科，尤其是关于历史唯物主义/辩证唯物主义的条目……
…Ricardo, that'll make it much easier, too. For bonus points, read the short "Wages, price, and profit" by Marx, it's a bit easier of an intro than the book's. If you can fit in a second, I'd suggest "the State and Revolution" by Lenin. Marx identifies a problem and a crude solution, and Lenin provides a good solution. Those two will give you the most of it. Wikipedia, especially on the historical/dialectical materialism…
……正如其他人所说，《共产党宣言》是最容易入门的切入点。我手里这本还收录了《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》，有人说这本书最贴切地刻画了当今的美国。列宁的《国家与革命》相对好读且很有启发性，他在里面探讨了资本主义国家的本质、警察机制等话题。罗莎·卢森堡的《社会改良还是革命》读起来也很提纲挈领，因为……
…others have said, "The Communist Manifesto" is the easiest entry point. My copy also has "The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte" which some say is the work most descriptive of the US today. "The State and Revolution" by Lenin is a relatively easy and enlightening read as he talks about the nature of the capitalist state, the police, and other topics. "Reform or Revolution" by Rosa Luxemburg is also clarifying as…
……对抗已不复存在，所以我认为并没有太多依据表明他信奉“自上而下的命令与控制”，充其量不过是过渡期的手段。讽刺的是，鉴于列宁自身的威权主义倾向，他的《国家与革命》反而是对马克思国家批判理论最好的总结之一，甚至连列宁自己口头上也推崇国家消亡的观念，乃至主张最终建立一个没有……的社会。
…antagonisms no longer exist, so I don't think there's much basis for the idea he believed in "command and control" other than at most in a transition. Ironically given his authoritarianism, Lenins The State and Revolution is one of the best summaries of Marx' criticism of the state, and even Lenin plaid lip-service to the notion of the withering away of the state to the point of arguing for an eventual society without…
那根本就不是列宁主义的观点，绝对不是。去读读列宁的《国家与革命》，你肯定会得出完全不一样的印象——他直言不讳地谈论废除威权国家和实行激进民主……只是并非议会制民主而已。 不过显然，20年代苏联实际发生的状况，跟他书里写的完全是两码事。你在那段时期的俄国所看到的，其实是对……的应对反应
That's not even in Leninism, no. Read Lenin's "State & Revolution" and you will definitely come away with a different impression -- he speaks openly about the abolition of the authoritarian state and a radical democracy... just not a parliamentary one. Though clearly what happened in the USSR in the 20s was something different from what he wrote. What you saw in Russia in that period was a respon
《国家与革命》——列宁
The State and Revolution - Lenin