当平权行动还属于白人
When Affirmative Action Was White
Ira Katznelson · 初版 2005 年
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20世纪中叶美国旨在帮助公民生存和改善生活的许多政府项目，最终对非裔美国人产生了严重的偏见。Katznelson 记录了这种针对白人的平权法案（affirmative action），并主张其存在应当成为支持20世纪后期平权法案项目的重要依据。
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When Affirmative Action Was White
Ira Katznelson · 初版 2005 年
20世纪中叶美国旨在帮助公民生存和改善生活的许多政府项目，最终对非裔美国人产生了严重的偏见。Katznelson 记录了这种针对白人的平权法案（affirmative action），并主张其存在应当成为支持20世纪后期平权法案项目的重要依据。
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……靠着这些计划带给他们的购买力，在新兴的郊区购置房产（本质上就是跟着政策激励走）。哥伦比亚大学的 Ira Katznelson 在他的书《When Affirmative Action was White》中对这段历史作了很好的记录
…purchasing power afforded to them by these programs to buy homes in the emerging suburbs (essentially following the incentive). Ira Katznelson of Columbia University wrote a good history of this in his book,"When Affirmative Action was White"
……整个经济体系，而且正是出于那种“我不想拿我的税款去帮他们”的纯情绪化扯淡逻辑，才导致人们反对它。举个例子，看看 Katznelson 在《When Affirmative Action Was White》和《Fear Itself》中所记录的：当年大量种族主义者费尽心机，就为了阻止非裔美国人在社会保障法案创立时从中受益。
…the overall economy, and that it is emotional "I don't want to help them with my taxes" nonsense that leads people to oppose it. As an example, look at all of the hard work, documented by Katznelson in _When Affirmative Action Was White_ and _Fear Itself_, by lots of racists to keep African-Americans from benefiting from Social Security when that program was created.
这让人联想到罗斯福新政中的工程进度管理局（WPA）。在美国，这类举措在历史上一直受到种族主义的阻挠。《When Affirmative Action was White》（https://www.amazon.com/When-Affirmative-Action-White-Twentie...）就论证了《退伍军人法案》、新政以及其他举措是如何被种族隔离政策所妥协破坏的。现任美国总统的……
It is reminiscent of the WPA of the New Deal. In the U.S. these efforts have historically been undermined by racism. “When Affirmative Action was White” (https://www.amazon.com/When-Affirmative-Action-White-Twentie...) makes a case for the G.I. Bill, New Deal and other efforts being compromised by segregationist policies. The current U.S. president’s…