找一本《VAX VMS Internals and Data Structures》看看吧。我手里有一本 4.4 版的书，不过好像后来出版的版本在亚马逊上还有，网上也有 pdf。读起来相当硬核，真的把设计以及设计背后的来龙去脉讲得非常透彻。……
Search for a copy of "VAX VMS Internals and Data Structures". I have the version 4.4 book, but it appears later editions are available at Amazon and online as pdf. This is pretty dense reading and really goes into detail on the design and rationale for the design.…
沙雷特的《软件工程风险分析与管理》。这本书帮我参透了“风险”的真正含义，以及它如何应用于工程和系统。凯纳的《VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures》。虽然现在可能没人关心了，但它提供了一种截然不同的操作系统内核视角。和 Linux 差别非常大。它解释了 system call 背后到底在干嘛；……
Software Engineering Risk Analysis and Management by Charette. This unlocked the meaning of "risk" for mme and how it applies to engineering and systems. VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures by Kenah. Not that anyone cares anymore but this provides a distinctively different description of operating system internals. Very different from Linux. Explains what goes on behind system calls;…
微软那人说当时根本没有公开的 NT 内核文档。不过很多人都提到《VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures》和它非常相似。两者都是 DNC（Dave Cutler）操刀架构的。
The MS guy says there was no public NT internals doc. However many people refer to VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures as being very similar. Both were architected by DNC.
……他们添加了 Win32 API、NTFS 文件系统、GUI 以及对 DOS、OS/2 和 Win16 的向后兼容性之后，DEC 的工程师几乎立刻就注意到了这两个操作系统的内部相似性；由 Digital Press 出版的《VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures》中的部分内容，简直就是用 VMS 术语精准描绘了 Windows NT 的内部实现。微软并没有选择打官司，而是同意赔偿 DEC 6500万至1亿美元，协助推广 VMS，并为 Digital 员工培训 Windows……
…they added the Win32 API, NTFS file system, GUI, and backwards compatibility with DOS, OS/2, and Win16, DEC engineers almost immediately noticed the two operating systems' internal similarities; parts of VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures, published by Digital Press, accurately describe Windows NT internals using VMS terms. Instead of a lawsuit, Microsoft agreed to pay DEC $65–100 million, help market VMS, train Digital personnel on Windows…
……他们添加了 Win32 API、NTFS 文件系统、GUI 以及对 DOS、OS/2 和 Win16 的向后兼容性之后，DEC 的工程师几乎立刻就注意到了这两个操作系统的内部相似性；由 Digital Press 出版的《VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures》中的部分内容，简直就是用 VMS 术语精准描绘了 Windows NT 的内部实现。微软并没有选择打官司，而是同意赔偿 DEC 6500万至1亿美元，协助推广 VMS，并为 Digital 员工培训 Windows……
…they added the Win32 API, NTFS file system, GUI, and backwards compatibility with DOS, OS/2, and Win16, DEC engineers almost immediately noticed the two operating systems' internal similarities; parts of VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures, published by Digital Press, accurately describe Windows NT internals using VMS terms. Instead of a lawsuit, Microsoft agreed to pay DEC $65–100 million, help market VMS, train Digital personnel on Windows…
……VMS 内核向 NT 的移植是如此彻底，以至于在 NT 发布后的短短几周内，Digital 的工程师就注意到了惊人的相似之处。那些雷同的地方写一本书都写不完。实际上，只要把 VMS 术语换成 NT 术语，你读《VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures》（Digital Press 出版）的某些章节，就是一份精准的 NT 内核描述。……《最快的芯片为何没有胜出》（《商业周刊》，1997年4月28日）提到，当 Digital……
…VMS internals to NT was so thorough that within a few weeks of NT's release, Digital engineers noticed the striking similarities. Those similarities could fill a book. In fact, you can read sections of VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures (Digital Press) as an accurate description of NT internals simply by translating VMS terms to NT terms. ... "Why the Fastest Chip Didn't Win" (Business Week, April 28, 1997) states that when Digital…
找一本《VAX VMS Internals and Data Structures》看看吧。我手里有一本 4.4 版的书，不过好像后来出版的版本在亚马逊上还有，网上也有 pdf。读起来相当硬核，真的把设计以及设计背后的来龙去脉讲得非常透彻。……
Search for a copy of "VAX VMS Internals and Data Structures". I have the version 4.4 book, but it appears later editions are available at Amazon and online as pdf. This is pretty dense reading and really goes into detail on the design and rationale for the design.…
沙雷特的《软件工程风险分析与管理》。这本书帮我参透了“风险”的真正含义，以及它如何应用于工程和系统。凯纳的《VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures》。虽然现在可能没人关心了，但它提供了一种截然不同的操作系统内核视角。和 Linux 差别非常大。它解释了 system call 背后到底在干嘛；……
Software Engineering Risk Analysis and Management by Charette. This unlocked the meaning of "risk" for mme and how it applies to engineering and systems. VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures by Kenah. Not that anyone cares anymore but this provides a distinctively different description of operating system internals. Very different from Linux. Explains what goes on behind system calls;…
微软那人说当时根本没有公开的 NT 内核文档。不过很多人都提到《VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures》和它非常相似。两者都是 DNC（Dave Cutler）操刀架构的。
The MS guy says there was no public NT internals doc. However many people refer to VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures as being very similar. Both were architected by DNC.
……他们添加了 Win32 API、NTFS 文件系统、GUI 以及对 DOS、OS/2 和 Win16 的向后兼容性之后，DEC 的工程师几乎立刻就注意到了这两个操作系统的内部相似性；由 Digital Press 出版的《VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures》中的部分内容，简直就是用 VMS 术语精准描绘了 Windows NT 的内部实现。微软并没有选择打官司，而是同意赔偿 DEC 6500万至1亿美元，协助推广 VMS，并为 Digital 员工培训 Windows……
…they added the Win32 API, NTFS file system, GUI, and backwards compatibility with DOS, OS/2, and Win16, DEC engineers almost immediately noticed the two operating systems' internal similarities; parts of VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures, published by Digital Press, accurately describe Windows NT internals using VMS terms. Instead of a lawsuit, Microsoft agreed to pay DEC $65–100 million, help market VMS, train Digital personnel on Windows…
……他们添加了 Win32 API、NTFS 文件系统、GUI 以及对 DOS、OS/2 和 Win16 的向后兼容性之后，DEC 的工程师几乎立刻就注意到了这两个操作系统的内部相似性；由 Digital Press 出版的《VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures》中的部分内容，简直就是用 VMS 术语精准描绘了 Windows NT 的内部实现。微软并没有选择打官司，而是同意赔偿 DEC 6500万至1亿美元，协助推广 VMS，并为 Digital 员工培训 Windows……
…they added the Win32 API, NTFS file system, GUI, and backwards compatibility with DOS, OS/2, and Win16, DEC engineers almost immediately noticed the two operating systems' internal similarities; parts of VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures, published by Digital Press, accurately describe Windows NT internals using VMS terms. Instead of a lawsuit, Microsoft agreed to pay DEC $65–100 million, help market VMS, train Digital personnel on Windows…
……VMS 内核向 NT 的移植是如此彻底，以至于在 NT 发布后的短短几周内，Digital 的工程师就注意到了惊人的相似之处。那些雷同的地方写一本书都写不完。实际上，只要把 VMS 术语换成 NT 术语，你读《VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures》（Digital Press 出版）的某些章节，就是一份精准的 NT 内核描述。……《最快的芯片为何没有胜出》（《商业周刊》，1997年4月28日）提到，当 Digital……
…VMS internals to NT was so thorough that within a few weeks of NT's release, Digital engineers noticed the striking similarities. Those similarities could fill a book. In fact, you can read sections of VAX/VMS Internals and Data Structures (Digital Press) as an accurate description of NT internals simply by translating VMS terms to NT terms. ... "Why the Fastest Chip Didn't Win" (Business Week, April 28, 1997) states that when Digital…