……作者是 Michael Beaney（适合了解现代逻辑和分析哲学风格的当代哲学开端）；J. L. Mackie 的《宇宙的水泥：因果关系研究》（The Cement of the Universe: A Study of Causation）；威廉·金顿·克利福德（William Kingdon Clifford）的《信仰的伦理》（The Ethics of Belief，他虽然立论奇特但非常有力地主张：在证据不足或非理性的情况下盲信是不道德的——这不仅违背理性，更是道德层面的过错）
…by Michael Beaney (for modern logic and the beginnings of contemporary philosophy in the analytic style) J. L. Mackie: The Cement of the Universe: A Study of Causation William Kingdon Clifford: The Ethics of Belief (he argues, oddly but powerfully, that it's immoral to believe things on insufficient evidence or irrationally - an offense to morality, not just reason)
看到这类文章总会让我想到克利福德的《信仰的伦理》（The Ethics of Belief）。我觉得在总结透彻和独立思考的重要性方面，至今都没人能比得上克利福德 150 年前的论述。http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/Clifford_ethics.pdf
Articles like this always remind me of Clifford's "The Ethics of Belief". I feel like no one ever sums up the the importance of thorough and independent thought as well as Clifford did 150 years ago. http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/Clifford_ethics.pdf
……奥普拉（Oprah）怀有如此恶意的动机，但我觉得大多数 HN 读者都会认同：给那些名人和江湖骗子提供平台去散布愚蠢言论，她确实伤害了他人。在《信仰的伦理》（The Ethics of Belief）中，W. K. 克利福德曾写道：“在任何时候、任何地方、对任何人而言，在证据不足的情况下轻信任何事情都是错误的。”如果你认同克利福德的论证（正如我一样），那么我认为我们不得不承认奥普拉……
…Oprah has such a malicious intent, but I think most HN readers would agree that by giving celebrities and quacks a platform from which to spread their stupidity, she does cause harm to others. In The Ethics of Belief, W. K. Clifford said "It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence." If you accept Clifford's reasoning (as I do), then I think we must agree that Oprah…
是的，我们确实有这个责任和义务。读到他那漏洞百出的辩解，我立刻就想到了那篇论文《信仰的伦理》（The Ethics of Belief）[0]。[0] http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/Clifford_ethics.pdf
Yes we do have that responsibility and obligation. Reading his fallacious defense had me immediately thinking of the essay “The Ethics of Belief”[0]. [0] http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/Clifford_ethics.pdf
……作者是 Michael Beaney（适合了解现代逻辑和分析哲学风格的当代哲学开端）；J. L. Mackie 的《宇宙的水泥：因果关系研究》（The Cement of the Universe: A Study of Causation）；威廉·金顿·克利福德（William Kingdon Clifford）的《信仰的伦理》（The Ethics of Belief，他虽然立论奇特但非常有力地主张：在证据不足或非理性的情况下盲信是不道德的——这不仅违背理性，更是道德层面的过错）
…by Michael Beaney (for modern logic and the beginnings of contemporary philosophy in the analytic style) J. L. Mackie: The Cement of the Universe: A Study of Causation William Kingdon Clifford: The Ethics of Belief (he argues, oddly but powerfully, that it's immoral to believe things on insufficient evidence or irrationally - an offense to morality, not just reason)
看到这类文章总会让我想到克利福德的《信仰的伦理》（The Ethics of Belief）。我觉得在总结透彻和独立思考的重要性方面，至今都没人能比得上克利福德 150 年前的论述。http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/Clifford_ethics.pdf
Articles like this always remind me of Clifford's "The Ethics of Belief". I feel like no one ever sums up the the importance of thorough and independent thought as well as Clifford did 150 years ago. http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/Clifford_ethics.pdf
……奥普拉（Oprah）怀有如此恶意的动机，但我觉得大多数 HN 读者都会认同：给那些名人和江湖骗子提供平台去散布愚蠢言论，她确实伤害了他人。在《信仰的伦理》（The Ethics of Belief）中，W. K. 克利福德曾写道：“在任何时候、任何地方、对任何人而言，在证据不足的情况下轻信任何事情都是错误的。”如果你认同克利福德的论证（正如我一样），那么我认为我们不得不承认奥普拉……
…Oprah has such a malicious intent, but I think most HN readers would agree that by giving celebrities and quacks a platform from which to spread their stupidity, she does cause harm to others. In The Ethics of Belief, W. K. Clifford said "It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence." If you accept Clifford's reasoning (as I do), then I think we must agree that Oprah…
是的，我们确实有这个责任和义务。读到他那漏洞百出的辩解，我立刻就想到了那篇论文《信仰的伦理》（The Ethics of Belief）[0]。[0] http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/Clifford_ethics.pdf
Yes we do have that responsibility and obligation. Reading his fallacious defense had me immediately thinking of the essay “The Ethics of Belief”[0]. [0] http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/Clifford_ethics.pdf