作者暗含的前提——即微笑是一种普遍的情感表达形式，而非文化适应产物——在他引用的达尔文著作《The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals》中就已经提出了。有趣的是，2012 年的一篇论文检验了这一假说：“总而言之，我们的数据直接表明，在不同文化中，情绪是通过文化特异性的面部信号来表达的。尽管某些基本面部表情……
The author's implied premise that a smile is a universal form of emotional expression vs a cultural adaptation was presented in the Darwin paper he cited: "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals". Interestingly, a 2012 paper tested this hypothesis: "In sum, our data directly show that across cultures, emotions are expressed using culture-specific facial signals. Although some basic facial expressions…
……进化角色以及适应性益处。然后我就琢磨进化生物学文献里有没有讨论过这个问题。结果发现，查尔斯·达尔文晚年出版的书之一就是《The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals》。第十二章讨论了自我关注：羞耻、害羞、谦逊、脸红。https://archive.org/details/expressionofemot1872darw/page/31... 你或许该重新评估一下你对羞耻感的随意否定……
…evolutionary role, and adaptive benefit. I then wondered if there were anything in evolutionary biology literature that addressed this. As it turns out, one of Charles Darwin's last published books is The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Chapter XII addresses self-attention: shame, shyness, modesty, blushing. https://archive.org/details/expressionofemot1872darw/page/31... You might care to reasses your casual dismissal of shame's…
我同意。但我还是点了进去，看那些图片时，我开始思考情绪表达的刻板模式（stereotypy），这提醒了我哪天真该读读达尔文的《The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals》（http://human-nature.com/darwin/emotion/contents.htm）。所以，虽然没给这篇文章点 upvote，但对我来说也不算完全没用。
I agree. But I clicked through anyway, and, looking through the pictures, I started thinking about the stereotypy of emotion al expression, which reminded me that someday I should read Darwin's "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals" (http://human-nature.com/darwin/emotion/contents.htm). So, no upvote for the article, but not totally useless to me, either.
……部落性的）几乎肯定是进化而来的，那么在其他物种中存在这些特征或其雏形也就几乎是必然的。查尔斯·达尔文就曾想到过这一点，他还专门就这个问题写了一本书——《The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals》https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.175687
…tribal) are all but certainly evolved, then existence of them or precursors in other species seems all but certain. That thought had occurred to Charles Darwin, who wrote a book on the question, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.175687
……它们是一种共同的遗产，并且是进化的产物。这并非什么新颖的观察，情绪与进化之间的联系最早由查尔斯·达尔文在整本书篇幅的《The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals》<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Expression_of_the_Emotions...> 中提出。悲伤就是其中一种情绪。关于动物悲伤（animal grief）的概念已经非常成熟且研究颇多（参见 Wikipedia 概述：<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_grief>）……
…that they're a shared inheritence, and an evolutionary one. This isn't a novel observation, and the connection between emotion and evolution was first proposed, at book length, by Charles Darwin in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Expression_of_the_Emotions...>. Grief is one of those emotions. The notion of animal grief is well developed and much studied (see the Wikipedia overview: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_grief>).…
作者暗含的前提——即微笑是一种普遍的情感表达形式，而非文化适应产物——在他引用的达尔文著作《The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals》中就已经提出了。有趣的是，2012 年的一篇论文检验了这一假说：“总而言之，我们的数据直接表明，在不同文化中，情绪是通过文化特异性的面部信号来表达的。尽管某些基本面部表情……
The author's implied premise that a smile is a universal form of emotional expression vs a cultural adaptation was presented in the Darwin paper he cited: "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals". Interestingly, a 2012 paper tested this hypothesis: "In sum, our data directly show that across cultures, emotions are expressed using culture-specific facial signals. Although some basic facial expressions…
……进化角色以及适应性益处。然后我就琢磨进化生物学文献里有没有讨论过这个问题。结果发现，查尔斯·达尔文晚年出版的书之一就是《The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals》。第十二章讨论了自我关注：羞耻、害羞、谦逊、脸红。https://archive.org/details/expressionofemot1872darw/page/31... 你或许该重新评估一下你对羞耻感的随意否定……
…evolutionary role, and adaptive benefit. I then wondered if there were anything in evolutionary biology literature that addressed this. As it turns out, one of Charles Darwin's last published books is The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Chapter XII addresses self-attention: shame, shyness, modesty, blushing. https://archive.org/details/expressionofemot1872darw/page/31... You might care to reasses your casual dismissal of shame's…
我同意。但我还是点了进去，看那些图片时，我开始思考情绪表达的刻板模式（stereotypy），这提醒了我哪天真该读读达尔文的《The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals》（http://human-nature.com/darwin/emotion/contents.htm）。所以，虽然没给这篇文章点 upvote，但对我来说也不算完全没用。
I agree. But I clicked through anyway, and, looking through the pictures, I started thinking about the stereotypy of emotion al expression, which reminded me that someday I should read Darwin's "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals" (http://human-nature.com/darwin/emotion/contents.htm). So, no upvote for the article, but not totally useless to me, either.
《The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals》，作者查尔斯·达尔文（Darwin, Charles），出版日期 1873 年 https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43657/page/n3
Expression Of The Emotions In Man And Animals by Darwin, Charles Publication date 1873 https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43657/page/n3
……部落性的）几乎肯定是进化而来的，那么在其他物种中存在这些特征或其雏形也就几乎是必然的。查尔斯·达尔文就曾想到过这一点，他还专门就这个问题写了一本书——《The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals》https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.175687
…tribal) are all but certainly evolved, then existence of them or precursors in other species seems all but certain. That thought had occurred to Charles Darwin, who wrote a book on the question, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.175687
……它们是一种共同的遗产，并且是进化的产物。这并非什么新颖的观察，情绪与进化之间的联系最早由查尔斯·达尔文在整本书篇幅的《The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals》<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Expression_of_the_Emotions...> 中提出。悲伤就是其中一种情绪。关于动物悲伤（animal grief）的概念已经非常成熟且研究颇多（参见 Wikipedia 概述：<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_grief>）……
…that they're a shared inheritence, and an evolutionary one. This isn't a novel observation, and the connection between emotion and evolution was first proposed, at book length, by Charles Darwin in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Expression_of_the_Emotions...>. Grief is one of those emotions. The notion of animal grief is well developed and much studied (see the Wikipedia overview: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_grief>).…