别这样研究一种疾病
How Not to Study a Disease
Karl Herrup · 初版 2021 年
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“数十年来，我们最优秀、最卓越的一批医学科学家一直致力于寻找治愈 Alzheimer's disease 的方法。但结果如何？疗法又在何方？最重大的突破发生在二十五年前，此后几乎停滞不前。在 How Not to Study a Disease 一书中，神经生物学家 Karl Herrup 解释了为何20世纪90年代针对 Alzheimer's 的发现未能开花结果，并为未来的研究指明了方向。Herrup 梳理了相关研究，解释了为何进展如此缓慢，并提出了未来研究的新途径”——书籍折口。“一本关于 Alzheimer's disease 的大众读物——它
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核心问题在于把 Aβ 42（Abeta 42）多肽片段死锁成了唯一病因。这种偏执的专注让那些听话站队的同行吃尽了科研经费红利。Karl Herrup 针对这个话题写过一本绝赞的书，麻省理工学院出版社（MIT Press）出版的《How Not to Study a Disease — The Story of Alzheimer’s》（2021 年，ISBN 9780262045902）。他这书得罪了不少人，但我认为他是对的。现在的共识是，多种因素共同导致了这种异质性疾病……
The major problem has been lock-in of the Abeta 42 peptide fragment as the cause. This monomaniacal focus was rewarded by grant awards to team players. Karl Herrup has a terrific book on the topic How Not to Study a Disease — The Story of Alzheimer’s from MIT Press (2021, ISBN 9780262045902). He did not win many friends but I think he is right. The consensus now is that many factors contribute to the heterogeneous diseases…
这种情况属于逆向激励。去翻翻 Karl Herrup 写的《How not to study a disease: the story of Alzheimer’s》，就能明白为什么出现这种事一点都不意外。话虽如此，我觉得一竿子打翻整个科学界也有失偏颇。里面……
In this case perverse incentives. Check out 'How not to study a disease: the story of Alzheimer’s' (by Karl Herrup) for a perspective on why this is not at all surprising. That being said, I think it would be unfair to tarnish all of science with this brush though. There…
……最好能完全公开所有文件和数据。很显然，自己花钱做审计会引发严重的激励偏差。阿尔茨海默病研究已经一团糟搞了 30 年，Karl Herrup 在《How Not to Study a Disease》里对此给出了令人信服的论证：https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262546010/how-not-to-study-a-di...
…preferably open access to all files and data. Obviously paying for your own audit sets up the incentives the wrong way. Alzheimer’s research has been a mess for 30 years as Karl Herrup argues persuasively in How Not to Study a Disease: https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262546010/how-not-to-study-a-di...
你可能会喜欢 Karl Herrup 写的《How Not To Study A Disease: The Story of Alzheimer’s》（2023 年，MIT Press）。这本书非常精彩又令人唏嘘地梳理了 Aβ 假说的一统天下，现在它还拉上了 Tau 蛋白假说当帮凶。https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262546010/how-not-to-study-a-di...
You might enjoy “How Not To Study A Disease: The Story of Alzheimer’s” by Karl Herrup (2023, MIT Press). Great sad overview of the hegemony of the Abeta hypothesis that now has a Tau hypothesis buddy. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262546010/how-not-to-study-a-di...
关于这个普遍性问题，麻省理工学院出版社有一本极具批判性的好书：Karl Herrup 的《How Not to Study a Disease》：https://direct.mit.edu/books/book/5216/How-Not-to-Study-a-Di... 核心根源远比这篇聚焦的综述所说的还要久远得多。
Great and highly critical book on this general topic: “How Not to Study a Disease” by Karl Herrup from MIT Press: https://direct.mit.edu/books/book/5216/How-Not-to-Study-a-Di... The core problem is much older than stated in this focused review.
是的，我也和你一样对这种群体思维（groupthink）和学术圈子山头主义感到担忧。最优秀、最客观的批评当属 Karl Herrup 在麻省理工学院出版社出的那本《How Not To Study a Disease》。不过你评论里针对那些拿 NIH 经费做阿尔茨海默病研究的人，火药味未免太过了。如果这股情绪是冲着雷诺烟草（RJ Reynolds Inc.）和其他烟草巨头去的，那才完全合情合理……
Yes, I share some of your concerns about groupthink and research cliques. The best and balanced critique is Karl Herrup’s book at MIT Press: “How Not To Study a Disease”. Your comment is over the top with respect to NIH-funded researchers doing Alzheimer’s research. The emotion would be entirely appropriate if directed at RJ Reynolds Inc. and other cigarette companies…