
后生动物
Metazoa
Peter Godfrey-Smith · 初版 2020 年
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“潜入海面之下,你很快就会面对与我们自身截然不同的生命形式:海绵、软珊瑚和龙介虫,它们扎根的身体、错综复杂的几何构造以及花朵般的附肢,与其说是可识别的动物,倒不如说更让人联想到植物甚至建筑。然而这些生物却是我们的近亲。作为动物界(Metazoa)的共同成员,它们不仅能让我们深入了解自身身体的进化起源,也能让我们洞悉心智的演化历程。在他 2016 年广受好评的著作《Other Minds》中,哲学家兼潜水员 Peter Godfrey
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彼得·戈弗雷-史密斯(Peter Godfrey-Smith)在他前不久出的书《后生动物》(Metazoa)中长篇讨论了这个话题,并借由对昆虫和其他无脊椎动物的观察指出——在我看来极具说服力——感知力(sentience)和认知能力并没有内在的必然联系,而是取决于特定生物体的……
Peter Godfrey-Smith discusses this topic at length in his recent-ish book Metazoa and uses observations of insects and other invertebrates to argue, compellingly in my opinion, that sentience and cognitive abilities are not intrinsically linked, but rather depend on the specific organism's…
我从《后生动物》(Metazoa)这本书里学到的一个冷知识是:直到大约 1.3 亿年前,海洋里的生物多样性都高于陆地;而随后陆地上生物多样性的爆发式增长(无论是当时还是现在)都是由于一种反馈……
An interesting fact that I learned from the book Metazoa is that biological diversity was greater in the seas than on land, until about 130 million years ago, and then the explosion of diversity on land, at that time and still now, was because of a feedback…
彼得·戈弗雷·史密斯在《后生动物》(Metazoa)里涉及了其中一些内容,但他反对泛心论(pan-psychicism),并试图让我们相信纯粹的唯物主义就能解释意识——就像它在过去 7.5 亿年间在动物身上涌现出来那样,可以一直追溯到某种未知的原始大脑(ur-brain)……
Peter Godfrey Smith covers some of this in his book Metazoa but he rejects pan-psychicism and tries to make us believe that pure materialism can explain consciousness, as it emerged in animals over the last 750 million years, going back to an unknown ur-brain…
在他的《后生动物》(Metazoa)一书中,彼得·戈弗雷-史密斯提到,直到 1.3 亿年前,海洋生命的丰富程度都超过陆地生命,随后陆地上的生物多样性才开始变得极其惊人,这主要是由……之间的反馈循环驱动的。
In his book Metazoa, Peter Godfrey-Smith mentions that life in the ocean was more diverse than life on land, until a 130 million years ago, when diversity on land became exceptional, mostly driven by a feedback loop between…