……这种自信是可以理解的。当然，我也完全赞同你的观点：我们在更广泛的文化层面上对待这类问题的方式完全是武断的，而且抗拒思想进步。补充：阿拉斯代尔·麦金太尔（Alasdair MacIntyre）的《谁之正义？何种合理性？》（Whose Justice, Which Rationality）对你注意到的这个问题做了极为出色的阐述：http://www.amazon.com/Whose-Justice-Rationality-Alasdair-Mac...
…confidence is understandable. I do, of course, agree with you that our broader cultural approach to such issues is entirely arbitrary and resistant to intellectual progress. Edit: Alasdair MacIntyre's Whose Justice, Which Rationality is a stellar treatment of this problem you're noticing: http://www.amazon.com/Whose-Justice-Rationality-Alasdair-Mac...
Anyone interested in the necessity of understanding history for philosophical and moral thinking ought to read MacIntyre's Whose Justice, Which Rationality. It argues that a "history-constituted tradition" is the inevitable system in which we make intellectual progress, and analyses the major movements in philosophy as support. http://www.amazon.com/Whose-Justice-Rationality-Alasdair-Mac...
…process, not a set of conclusions. One word for this is "tradition". If I've piqued your interest, please read Alasdair MacIntyre's book "After Virtue," and also it's sequel with a more provocative title, "Whose Justice? Which Rationality?"
…worth of work is not irrelevant, it's the only thing relevant (with differences in how moral is defined). In-depth rebuttals should be directed to Alasdair MacIntyre, a Scottish philosopher whose book "Whose Justice, Which Rationality," I just paraphrased in part. (But seriously...)
…liberals, liberal liberals, and radical liberals. There is little place in such political systems for the criticism of the system itself, that is, for putting liberalism in question" (Alasdair MacIntyre, Whose Justice? Which Rationality?, 394). Smugness is a problem for liberal liberals and conservative liberals alike. Perhaps smugness is a natural temptation or outgrowth of liberalism itself.
……这种自信是可以理解的。当然，我也完全赞同你的观点：我们在更广泛的文化层面上对待这类问题的方式完全是武断的，而且抗拒思想进步。补充：阿拉斯代尔·麦金太尔（Alasdair MacIntyre）的《谁之正义？何种合理性？》（Whose Justice, Which Rationality）对你注意到的这个问题做了极为出色的阐述：http://www.amazon.com/Whose-Justice-Rationality-Alasdair-Mac...
…confidence is understandable. I do, of course, agree with you that our broader cultural approach to such issues is entirely arbitrary and resistant to intellectual progress. Edit: Alasdair MacIntyre's Whose Justice, Which Rationality is a stellar treatment of this problem you're noticing: http://www.amazon.com/Whose-Justice-Rationality-Alasdair-Mac...
任何对“为了哲学和道德思考而理解历史之必要性”感兴趣的人，都应该读读麦金太尔的《谁之正义？何种合理性？》。该书主张，“由历史构成的传统”是我们取得思想进步不可避免的体系，并剖析了各大主要哲学运动来作为支撑。http://www.amazon.com/Whose-Justice-Rationality-Alasdair-Mac...
Anyone interested in the necessity of understanding history for philosophical and moral thinking ought to read MacIntyre's Whose Justice, Which Rationality. It argues that a "history-constituted tradition" is the inevitable system in which we make intellectual progress, and analyses the major movements in philosophy as support. http://www.amazon.com/Whose-Justice-Rationality-Alasdair-Mac...
……是一个过程，而不是一组结论。用一个词来概括就是“传统”。如果我引起了你的兴趣，请读一读阿拉斯代尔·麦金太尔的《追寻美德》（After Virtue），以及它那书名更具挑衅性的续作《谁之正义？何种合理性？》。
…process, not a set of conclusions. One word for this is "tradition". If I've piqued your interest, please read Alasdair MacIntyre's book "After Virtue," and also it's sequel with a more provocative title, "Whose Justice? Which Rationality?"
……工作的价值并非无关紧要，它是唯一相关的事（区别只在于道德是如何定义的）。想看深入的反驳，大家应该去翻翻阿拉斯代尔·麦金太尔的书，他是一位苏格兰哲学家，我刚才部分转述了他的《谁之正义？何种合理性？》。（不过说真的……）
…worth of work is not irrelevant, it's the only thing relevant (with differences in how moral is defined). In-depth rebuttals should be directed to Alasdair MacIntyre, a Scottish philosopher whose book "Whose Justice, Which Rationality," I just paraphrased in part. (But seriously...)
……自由主义者、自由派自由主义者和激进自由主义者。在这样的政治体制中，几乎没有空间留给对体制本身的批评，也就是说，根本无法对自由主义提出质疑”（阿拉斯代尔·麦金太尔，《谁之正义？何种合理性？》，第394页）。自以为是不仅是自由派自由主义者的问题，保守派自由主义者也一样。也许自以为是本身就是自由主义天然的诱惑或产物。
…liberals, liberal liberals, and radical liberals. There is little place in such political systems for the criticism of the system itself, that is, for putting liberalism in question" (Alasdair MacIntyre, Whose Justice? Which Rationality?, 394). Smugness is a problem for liberal liberals and conservative liberals alike. Perhaps smugness is a natural temptation or outgrowth of liberalism itself.
这是不是在故意致敬阿拉斯代尔·麦金太尔的《谁之正义？何种合理性？》？
Is this perhaps an intentional parallel to '_Whose Justice? Which Rationality?_" by Alasdair MacIntyre?