偶然、反讽与团结
Contingency, irony, and solidarity
Richard Rorty · 初版 1989 年
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在这本书中，Rorty 认为诸如 Nietzsche、Freud 和 Wittgenstein 等思想家使社会认识到自身是 historical contingencies，而非潜在的、非历史的人性的体现，亦非超历史目标的实现。这种对人类境况的讽喻视角在私人层面上极具价值，尽管它无法推进自由主义的社会或政治目标。事实上，Rorty 认为能够做到这一点的文学而非哲学，因为它能促进真正的人类团结感。一种敏锐意识到自身历史……的真正自由主义文化
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……要是没有他们。” http://www.furious.com/perfect/pulnoc.html 额，我得去上班了，没时间想个更有条理的结尾了。不过我的很多想法都受到了理查德·罗蒂（Richard Rorty）《偶然、反讽与团结》（Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity）的影响。再随便瞎想一点：对“习惯”的过度关注，在潜意识里强化了一种关于稳定性的道德观。强调习惯的人大概不会说首要的道德诫命是要去瓦解……
…without them." http://www.furious.com/perfect/pulnoc.html Um, I'm heading for work and don't have time to think up a coherent way to end this. But a lot of my thinking is influenced by Richard Rorty's Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity. Just one more random speculation: the focus on "habits" subtly inforces a morality of stability. People who emphasize habits probably aren't going to say that the primary ethical injunction is to dismantle…
……态度展现出一个本可以成为出色的个人主义诗人的人——就像一个更严肃、更具批判性的惠特曼——只要她当初没有卷入哲学这个行当的话。（理查德·罗蒂的《偶然、反讽与团结》在我看来闪耀着一种谦逊而又极具洞察力的理性光芒，近乎圣徒般的真诚——但他和兰德在哲学上是彻底、完全对立的。）
…attitude shows someone who could have been a good poet of individualism — like a more austere and condemning Whitman — if she hadn't gotten tangled up in the business of philosophy. (Richard Rorty's "Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity" to me shines brightly with a kind of humble yet very discerning rationality, almost saintly honesty — yet he and Rand are completely, utterly at odds philosophically.)
……被归入这类标签的哲学家们。在这些人当中，罗蒂是我最能产生共鸣的一位。对于有理解力的读者来说，他的文字相当通俗易懂。他的《偶然、反讽与团结》（Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity）大概是最好的入门读物。《筑就我们的国家》（Achieving Our Country）也很有意思，不过政治色彩更浓一些。
…the philosophers who got lumped into this category. Of these, Rorty was the one I found myself most sympathetic to. His writing is quite accessible and understandable to an intelligent reader. His book, Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity is probably the best one to start with. Achieving Our Country is also interesting, but more political.
……总是在读新出的东西，所以我的思想根植于更古老的传统，但当代哲学触及了很多有趣的事情。理查德·罗蒂是我最近的心头好——他的《偶然、反讽与团结》（Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity）虽然是二十年前的书了，但针对一个在当今大众文化中极为普遍的话题，依然提供了非常深刻的洞见。
…reading the new stuff all the time so my thoughts are grounded in the older tradition, but contemporary philosophy touches on a lot of interesting things. Richard Rorty is a recent favorite of mine – his Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity is twenty years old, but still offers some fascinating insights into a subject that is very much dominating a part of our popular culture.
……从另一个角度看可能会被视为伪神。即便如此，理想依然非常适合用来凝聚人心。我在这里想表达的部分观点，理查德·罗蒂在《偶然、反讽与团结》（Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity）里通过他的“反讽主义”（ironism）概念已经阐述得很清楚了，强烈推荐！
…from another perspective be considered false idols. Still, ideals are great for rallying around. Some of what I'm trying to say here is articulated by Richard Rorty, through his concept of "ironism" in Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity, which I recommend!
其实我以前从没听说过 Margaret MacDonald，但这种路数听起来跟偏当代的理查德·罗蒂很像，比如在《偶然、反讽与团结》（Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity）里（这本书比罗蒂早期的《哲学和自然之镜》更具文艺气质，学术味没那么重）。
I'd actually never heard of Margaret MacDonald before, but this approach sounds similar to the more contemporary Richard Rorty, for example in "Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity" (which is more artistic and less academic than Rorty's earlier book "Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature").