资本主义的起源
The origin of capitalism
Ellen Meiksins Wood · 初版 1999 年
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“在 The Origin of Capitalism 一书中，Ellen Meiksins Wood 对多数现存关于资本主义起源的解释发出了挑战，她认为这些论述让资本主义的产生显得自然而不可避免，从而未能认识到其作为一种社会制度的独特属性。”——护封。“Wood 认为，只有对资本主义的开端有正确的理解，我们才可能想象它走向终结的可能。”——护封。
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《The Origin of Capitalism》——Ellen Meiksins Wood 著。基本上是一个简明但极具说服力的论点，主张资本主义不仅不是必然的，而且就像它之前的每种制度一样，它最初之所以能维持下去仅仅是因为……
The Origin of Capitalism -- Ellen Meiksins Wood . Basically, a brief but compelling argument that claims that not only is capitalism not inevitable, but just like every system before it it was held in place initially only…
……一个非常普遍且根深蒂固的说法是资本主义源于商人阶层的发展，但 Ellen Meiksins Wood 在《The Origin of Capitalism》中非常有力地论证了资本主义起源于农业。如果我没记错的话，她认为其根源其实是土地租赁与对雇佣劳动的依赖相结合。如果你对这个课题感兴趣，我建议你去读读。
…a very common and well established narrative that capitalism arose from the development of a merchant class but Ellen Meiksins Wood makes a pretty good case for an agrarian origin to capitalism in The Origin of Capitalism. She argues that the roots are instead a combination land rental and the reliance on waged labour IIRC. If the subject is of interest to you I recommend you check it out.
……关系。不过，听起来你对这个主题确实很感兴趣。如果你想读读对你提出的观点更有据可循、更有见地的反驳，我推荐 Ellen Meiksins Wood 的《The Origin of Capitalism》，这是一本围绕特定产权关系展开的资本主义兴起的历史分析。或者卡尔·波兰尼的《大转型》（The Great Transformation），它讨论了尽管古代就存在市场，但它们与……有着本质区别。
…relations. But, it sounds like you are really interested in this subject. If you want to read a much more cited and intelligent opposition to what you're proposing, I recommend Ellen Meiksins Wood "The Origin of Capitalism," historical analysis of capitalism emerging around specific property relations. Or Karl Polanyi "The Great Transformation" which discusses how though ancient markets existed, these are distinct from…
……在你的研究中？我显然不赞成族群民族主义，但它们似乎是一种集体主义安排，类似于你对美国农民的简述。至于推荐书目，我刚读完 Ellen Meiksins Wood 的《The Origin of Capitalism》，不过那更多是对英法农业土地所有权差异的历史分析，探讨了为什么是英国而不是法国走向了资本主义（并非立刻……
…in your studies? I'm obviously not a fan of ethnonationalism, but they seem to be a collectivist arrangement akin to your brief on farmers in America. As for books to recommend, I'm just finishing The Origin of Capitalism by Ellen Meiksins Wood, but that's more of a historical analysis of the differences between French and English agrarian land ownership and how that led to capitalism in England but not France (not immediately,…