开放社会及其敌人
The Open Society and Its Enemies
Karl Popper · 初版 1945 年
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为什么值得读
- 提出民主的关键在于如何和平罢免领导人
- 深刻批判柏拉图、黑格尔与马克思的思想影响
- 警示寡头政治与法西斯同样构成重大威胁
open society 为其公民提供了更替政府的机制；closed society 则不然，迫使其公民只能诉诸法外革命。Popper 借助提倡 closed society 的三位代表人物剖析了 open society 与 closed society 之争：Plato、Hegel（天哪，Popper 对 Hegel 可真谓深恶痛绝）以及 Marx。主要的分析视角包括 closed society 背后的 historicist（向后看的、乌托邦式的）动机，以及 open society 背后的 rational（向前看的、经验主义的）动机。
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……它确实暗示了哲学家应该成为最高统治者，这或许能解释为什么那个没啥卵用的行当会对他青睐有加、变着法儿替他开脱。倒不如去读读卡尔·波普尔的《开放社会及其敌人》第一卷“柏拉图的咒文”，去搞明白柏拉图对人类的影响到底有多恶劣。
…It does suggest philosophers ought to be the supreme rulers, which may explain that useless profession’s fondness for the guy, and the excuses they make for him. Far better to read Karl Popper’s “The Open Society and Its Enemies”, volume 1, “The Spell of Plato” to understand how abominable Plato’s influence has been for mankind.
我觉得卡尔·波普尔（《开放社会及其敌人》）说得最透彻：民主的定义不在于被统治者如何选出领导人，而在于他们如何罢免领导人。波普尔是在审视希特勒时期的德国时得出这个观点的。希特勒是通过……上台的。
I think Karl Popper ("The Open Society and its Enemies") puts it best: a democracy is not defined by how the governed elect our leaders, but how they get rid of them. Popper came to this idea when looking at Hitler's Germany. Hitler came to power through…
……一心想巩固权力、制造共识的建制派。大企业权力和政府权力早就合流了，而且这种趋势不可逆转。自由派真该去读读波普尔的《开放社会及其敌人》，认识到寡头政治带来的威胁完全不亚于法西斯主义，甚至由于大众对其缺乏免疫力而更为致命（https://twitter.com/nntaleb/status/1039842312061374464）。[0]: https://www.adl.org/news/press-releases/paypal-partners-with...……
…establishment that is interested in consolidating power and manufacturing consent. Corporate and government power have merged a long time ago; it's not gonna reverse itself. Liberals need to read Popper's Open Society and its Enemies, and realize that oligarchy is just as big a threat as fascism, if not bigger due to the population not being innoculated against it (https://twitter.com/nntaleb/status/1039842312061374464). [0]: https://www.adl.org/news/press-releases/paypal-partners-with...…
……AI 的产出以及我们可能采取的对策；诺姆·乔姆斯基——《必要的幻觉：民主社会中的思想控制》，探讨公共舆论是如何被塑造和控制的；卡尔·波普尔——《开放社会及其敌人》，探讨如何对抗极权主义
…outcomes from AI and what we might be able to do about them Noam Chomsky - Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies. How public discourse is shaped and controlled Karl Popper - The Open Society and its Enemies. How to work against totalitarianism
虽然我很不喜欢马克思，但他其实没那么简单。你或许可以读读卡尔·波普尔的《开放社会及其敌人》。这本书对马克思（还有柏拉图和黑格尔）提出了强烈的批判。但它也相当详细地阐述了马克思的具体观点（这也是批判他的重要前提）。马克思是错的，……
As much as I don't like Marx, he's still more complex than that. You may like to read _The Open Society and Its Enemies_ by Karl Popper. It is a strong critique of Marx (and Plato and Hegel). But it also goes into some detail about what Marx's views are (which is an important part of criticizing them). Marx was wrong,…
- 路德维希·维特根斯坦的《逻辑哲学论》和《哲学研究》 - 卡尔·波普尔的《开放社会及其敌人》 - 约翰·斯图尔特·密尔的《论自由》 - 约翰·麦卡锡的《Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and their Computation by Machine》
-Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and Philosophical Investigations by Ludvig Wittgenstein -The Open Society and its Enemies by Karl Popper -On Liberty John Stuart Mill -Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and their Computation by Machine by John McCarthy