不那么狂野的西部
The not so wild, wild west
Terry Lee Anderson、Peter J. Hill · 初版 2004 年
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“提及美国西部，人们脑海中浮现的通常是粗犷剽悍的牛仔、牧场主和亡命之徒。相比之下，The Not So Wild, Wild West 为美国边疆历史构建了一个全新的框架，强调正是促进合作而非冲突的正式与非正式制度的建立，起到了关键作用。本书并未将边疆描绘成英雄大战恶徒的场所，而是认为普通人推动了法制机构的建立，从而驯服了西部。”“作者强调，随着资源变得更有价值或既定制度
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“狂野西部”其实根本没有人们想象的那么狂野。有一本不错的书探讨了当年狂野西部到底是如何解决问题的：> 《不那么狂野的狂野西部：边疆的产权问题》（The Not So Wild, Wild West: Property Rights on the Frontier）> https://www.amazon.com/Not-So-Wild-West-Economics/dp/0804748...
The "wild west" was really not as wild as people think. A nice book that explores a little how problems were actually solved in the wild west is: > The Not So Wild, Wild West: Property Rights on the Frontier > https://www.amazon.com/Not-So-Wild-West-Economics/dp/0804748...
……美国的“狂野西部”社会。当时那些社会在源源不断的移民涌入下基本上呈指数级增长，同时却做到了自我约束和治安维持。如果你有兴趣了解这方面的内容，《不那么狂野的狂野西部》这本书阐述得非常透彻。最后说一点。显然并不是每个国家要么走自由市场要么沦为古巴那样，但确实存在一个明显的趋势：……
…West" societies in the US. Those societies were basically growing at an exponential rate at the time with an ongoing flow of immigrants, while managing to self-control and police themselves. The book "The Not so Wild Wild West" explains this point very well, if you are interested to read about this. One last thing. Obviously not every country has to follow either free market or end up like Cuba, however there is a clear trend:…
……《美丽的大树》（Tooley）* 《教育与国家》（West）* 《自由的机制》（Friedman）* 《反对知识垄断》（Boldrine & Levine）* 《从互助到福利国家》（Beito）* 《不那么狂野的狂野西部》（Hill）* 《枪多，罪少》（Lott）* 《种族与经济学》（Williams）* 《解放奴隶，奴役自由人》（Hummel）
…Beautiful Tree - Tooley * Education and the State - West * The Machinery of Freedom - Friedman * Against Intellectual Monopoly - Boldrine & Levine * From Mutual Aid to the Welfare State - Beito * The Not So Wild, Wild West - Hill * More Guns, Less Crime - Lott * Race & Economics - Williams * Emancipating Slaves, Enslaving Free Men - Hummel
……铁丝网的发明，比如这种简单的机制对牛群不起作用，因此采用了其他机制。然而一旦铁丝网被发明出来，牧民们就走向了完全的私有化。如果你对这类故事感兴趣，可以参考《不那么狂野的狂野西部：边疆的产权问题》。我们还可以举出很多其他例子。公有森林可能会遭遇公地悲剧。但私人伐木作业……
…invention of barbed wire such simply mechanism didn't work for cattle for example and thus other mechanism were used. However once barbed wire was invented cattle farmers moved to full privatization. See 'The Not So Wild, Wild West: Property Rights on the Frontier' if you are interest in various stories like that. We can take various other examples. Common forest could suffer tragedy of the commons. But private logging operations…
……比如工人安全或环境破坏。显而易见，如果做得不好（或者敷衍了事），结果肯定好不了。但我们往往把进展顺利的情况视为理所当然。> 《不那么狂野的狂野西部》这本书 我会去了解一下。我绝对支持社会契约在更本地化的层面达成，在那里人是实实在在的人，而不是数据库里的冰冷数字。但我怀疑它是否……
…as worker safety or environmental damage. Obviously, if it is done poorly (or disingenuously), the results will not go well. But we take for granted the times when it does go well. > The book "The Not so Wild Wild West" I'll look into this. I'm definitely a proponent of the social contract occurring at a more local level, where people are actually people instead of numbers in a database. But I'm skeptical that it is…