西班牙征服的七个神话
Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest
Matthew Restall · 初版 2003 年
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本书对西班牙征服美洲的历史如何被误读并流传为大众常识的演变过程进行了引人入胜的探索。全书对包括Columbus、Cortes和Pizarro在内的最著名的征服者与探险家的活动进行了全新的审视。历史学家Matthew Restall利用广泛的史料着重剖析了七大核心神话，揭示了谬误的根源，并打破了每个神话背后的谬论与误解。这部文笔生动且具权威性的著作表明，例如，美洲原住民并未
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……满满两屋子的白银可能也起了点作用）……但是，再说一遍，皮萨罗能打赢靠的不是技术，而是政治手段，就跟满清入关征服中国是同一个道理。详情请参见《Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest》。你甚至可能想读读《Our Lady of Guadalupe and the Conquest of Darkness》——这是一部极其偏袒天主教视角的墨西哥征服史（但依然很有冒险色彩，……
…two roomfuls of silver may have had something to do with it)... but, again, it wasn't technology that let Pizarro win, it was politics, the same kind of thing that let the Manchus conquer China. See _Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest_ for details on both. You may even want to read _Our Lady of Guadalupe and the Conquest of Darkness_ -- an extremely, exuberantly partisan Catholic history of the conquest of Mexico (but still adventuresome,…
那篇（带 paywall 的）文章我看不了，不过我读过 Matthew Restall 写的《Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest》，[1] 里面有总结。作者在书里提出，西班牙人绝大多数时候人数都处于劣势，他们是靠搞“戏剧化的暴力”来手段来控制当地人口的……
I can't read the (paywalled) article, but I did read the book "Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest" by Matthew Restall, summarized in [1]. In said book the author posits that the Spaniards were mostly outnumbered and resorted to "theatrical violence" as a way to exert control over the population…
……征服者的人数处于严重劣势、吹捧他们非凡的毅力和技能等等。那种说法（来自《Guns》，不过这篇文章引用的是《The Last Days of the Incas》）在《Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest》[2] 里早就被批过了，书里指出《Germs》完全没有提及或者妥善交代皮萨罗拥有土著盟友的背景。同样，我只是粗略翻了翻（就看了20分钟左右），并没发现有多少提到……
…conquistadors being severely outnumbered, glazing their exceptional fortitude and skill etc. That narrative (from Guns, although the article uses The Last Days of the Incas as the source) has been critiqued in Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest[2] which among other things points out how Germs doesn’t mention or properly contextualize the native allies that Pizzaro had. Again I just skimmed it (for a mere 20 minutes) but I didn’t find much mention…