蛮力失效时
When brute force fails
Mark Kleiman · 初版 2009 年
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自 20 世纪 60 年代犯罪激增以来，美国的监狱人口翻了五倍，达到每百名成年人中就有一名囚犯，这一比例在美国历史上前所未有，在世界范围内也绝无仅有。即便囚犯人数持续攀升，犯罪率却已停止下降，而穷人和少数族裔依然首当其冲地承受着犯罪与惩罚的双重重压。本书阐释了我们是如何陷入当下的困境，以及我们该如何摆脱它：在十年内将犯罪率和监狱人口减少一半。作者指出，仅仅把更多人关押起来
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……本该受到最多关注的受害者反而大多被忽视了。想进一步了解这个有争议的观点，可以去读读图西族（Tutsi）和胡图族（Hutu）在种族灭绝后是如何学会共同生活的。或者读读：《When Brute Force Fails: How to Have Less Crime and Less Punishment》http://www.amazon.de/gp/product/0691148643
…the victim, who is the one we should pay most attention to, is mostly ignored. For more on this controversial standpoint read up on how Tutsi & Hutu learnt to live together after the genocide. or: When Brute Force Fails: How to Have Less Crime and Less Punishment http://www.amazon.de/gp/product/0691148643
……以及更高的风险。与此同时，警力资源根本不足以执法低级别犯罪，所以解决根本问题才是好得多的办法。如果你对这个话题感兴趣，可以看看《When Brute Force Fails》（http://www.amazon.com/When-Brute-Force-Fails-Punishment/dp/0...）——我觉得它对美国犯罪问题的见解很独到。
…and more risk. At the same time there are not enough resources to enforce a low level crime so fixing the underlying problems is a much better idea. If you're interested in this topic take a look at When Brute Force Fails (http://www.amazon.com/When-Brute-Force-Fails-Punishment/dp/0...) - I found it a good take on crime in the US.
任何对这个话题感兴趣的人都该看看 Mark Kleiman 写的《When Brute Force Fails》[1]。简而言之，这位毒品政策专家论证了：比起我们现在的做法，“迅速且必然”但通常不那么严厉的惩罚，其威慑效果要好得多。还有……
Anyone interested in the topic should take a look at _When Brute Force Fails_, by Mark Kleiman[1]. Briefly, a drug policy guy makes the case that "swift and certain" punishment with pretty usually not very severe outcomes does a lot better as deterrence than what we do now. There's…
对于任何想探讨如何建立一个没人愿意犯罪的社会的人，我强烈推荐 Mark Kleiman 的《When Brute Force Fails: How to Have Less Crime and Less Punishment》。降低犯罪率是有证据支持的方法的。一种看似反直觉的降低犯罪率的方法是增加被……的概率
For anyone trying to figure out how to build a society where no one wants to be a criminal, I highly recommend When Brute Force Fails: How to Have Less Crime and Less Punishment by Mark Kleiman. There are evidence-backed ways of reducing criminality. One counterintuitive way of reducing crime is to increase the likelihood of being…
参阅 Mark Kleiman 的《When Brute Force Fails》。书中提到了夏威夷的 HOPE 项目。他们处理假释犯违规的做法是立即施加轻微惩罚（比如这个周末回监狱蹲着），而不是放任违规……
See Mark Kleiman's - When Brute Force Fails. The book mentions the Hawaiian HOPE project. The dealt with parolees by punishing violations with immediate mild punishment (i.e. you're back in jail over this weekend)instead of allowing violations…
……一种做法是瞄准某个特定地理区域，传达（并严格执行）这种威慑：抓到偷自行车的就从严顶格处罚。（这些基本全都是从《When Brute Force Fails》这本书里抄来的）。
…One approach would be to target a geographic area and communicate (and follow through on) a threat to throw the book at anyone caught stealing a bike. (pretty much all of these are stolen from the book When Brute Force Fails).