生物学即技术
Biology is technology
Robert H. Carlson · 初版 2009 年
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“技术既是一系列人工制品的集合，也是一种过程和知识体系。生物学亦是如此——而我们才刚刚开始理解将生物学作为一项人类技术进入下一阶段所固有的挑战。正是在这个具有深远影响的关键节点，Robert Carlson 在 Biology Is Technology 中进行了深入探讨。他以独到而内行的视角，审视了推动该领域当前进展的各项努力——即生物系统科学以及用于操控这些系统的技术。”“在诸多案例研究中，Carlson 论证了
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……《超级金融家：西格蒙德·沃伯格的生平与时代》（High Financier: The Lives and Time of Siegmund Warburg），尼尔·弗格森（Niall Ferguson）著。科学与技术类：《庞大机器：计算机模型、气候数据与全球变暖的政治》（A Vast Machine: Computer Models, Climate Data, and the Politics of Global Warming），保罗·爱德华兹（Paul Edwards）著。《生物即技术：工程生命的承诺、危机与新商业》（Biology is Technology: The Promise, Peril, and New Business of Engineering Life），罗布·卡尔森（Rob Carlson）著。《理性乐观派：繁荣如何演进》（The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves），马特·里德利（Matt Ridley）著。《伟大创意的诞生：创新的自然史》（Where Good Ideas Come From: The Natural History of Innovation）……
…High Financier: The Lives and Time of Siegmund Warburg. By Niall Ferguson Science and technology A Vast Machine: Computer Models, Climate Data, and the Politics of Global Warming. By Paul Edwards Biology is Technology: The Promise, Peril, and New Business of Engineering Life. By Rob Carlson The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves. By Matt Ridley Where Good Ideas Come From: The Natural History of Innovation.…
这是一位记者写的一本关于生物黑客的书的书评。如果你想看更有深度的见解，可以读读罗布·卡尔森的《生物即技术》（Biology Is Technology），http://www.amazon.com/Biology-Technology-Promise-Business-En...，以及他的网站 http://www.synthesis.cc/ ，比如一年前那篇《硅谷的车库生物学》（Garage Biology in Silicon Valley），http://www.synthesis.cc/2010/03/garage-biology-in-silicon-va....
This is a review of a book about biohackers by a journalist. If you want a better take on it read Rob Carlson's Biology Is Technology, http://www.amazon.com/Biology-Technology-Promise-Business-En..., and his website http://www.synthesis.cc/ , including for example, Garage Biology in Silicon Valley from a year ago, http://www.synthesis.cc/2010/03/garage-biology-in-silicon-va....
制药和生物技术领域存在专利丛林（patent thickets）阻碍创新的问题，罗布·卡尔森的《生物即技术》一书中对这些问题有很好的讨论。对于制药业来说，一个更好的替代方案可能是让实际负责推进临床试验的人获得专利或许可，因为那才是迄今为止成本最高的部分……
There is a problem with patent thickets in pharmaceuticals and biotech interfering with innovation, see Carlson's book Biology Is Technology for a good discussion of the problems there. A better alternative for pharmaceuticals may be for whoever puts it through trials to get a patent or license since that is by far the most expensive part…
……能减轻这项技术的负面后果吗？（……）魔鬼绝对已经从瓶子里放出来了，所以我猜唯一的解决办法就是建立更好的防御机制。同意。罗布·卡尔森 [1] 在《生物即技术》[2] 中指出，试图通过限制获取技术或材料来规避威胁，监管并不能构成有效手段，相反，我们应该投资于快速反应能力的建设。此外，……
…might mitigate the negative consequences of this technology? (...) The genie is definitely already out of the bottle so I guess the only solution is better defences. Agreed. Rob Carlson [1] argues in "Biology is Technology" [2] that regulation can't form an effective means to mitigate threats by limiting access to skills or materials, and that we should instead invest in the ability to develop rapid responses. Further,…