从一开始就被打上烙印
Stamped from the Beginning
Ibram X. Kendi · 初版 2016 年
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一些美国人坚称我们生活在一个后种族社会。但种族主义思想在美国不仅依然健在，而且比以往任何时候都更加精明和隐蔽。正如获奖历史学家Ibram X. Kendi所言，种族主义观念有着悠久而挥之不去的历史，几乎所有美国伟大的思想家都在其中扮演了共谋角色。在这一部深入研析、节奏明快的叙事巨作中，Kendi完整记录了贯穿美国历史的反黑人种族主义观念及其令人触目惊心的力量。他以五位美国主要知识分子的生平故事为主线来推动这一……
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……这些问题：种族主义真的在起作用吗？考虑到美国长期且根深蒂固的种族主义，有什么理由认为它在某个具体案例中就不存在呢？有几本书彻底扭转了我的看法：一本是肯迪（Kendi）写的《Stamped from the Beginning》，讲的是种族主义思想的历史。另一本是洛温（Loewen）的《Sundown Towns》，探讨了美国历史上种族关系降至最低谷（the Nadir）期间席卷全美的那场种族清洗浪潮。我以前就知道塔尔萨大屠杀，但我不知道的是……
…questions: Is racism really at play? And given America's lasting, endemic racism, is there reason to think something makes it absent in a given case? A couple of the books that turned me around here: Kendi's "Stamped from the Beginning", a history of racist ideas. And Loewen's "Sundown Towns", a look at the wave of ethnic cleansing during the Nadir that happened across America. I had known about the Tulsa Massacre, but what I didn't…
……在决定是否应该赋予女性投票权。当时一个巨大的理由就是女性的“生理差异”，认为她们根本处理不了政治权力。如果有人对这段历史感兴趣，肯迪的《Stamped from the Beginning》是一部极好的历史著作，讲述了至少从古希腊时代起，关于“生理差异”的观念是如何被用作政治工具的。当然，具体的“生理差异”说辞一直在变。比如，……
…were deciding whether women should be allowed to vote. Women's "biological differences" were a huge reason they supposedly couldn't handle political power. For those interested in the history, Kendi's "Stamped from the Beginning" is an excellent history of how ideas about "biological differences" have, since the ancient Greeks at least, been used politically. The particular "biological differences" change, of course. E.g., the…
……种族主义者？如果是这样，我觉得在这里讨论意义不大。对于那些更理性、想弄明白反种族主义到底是在反对什么的人，我建议读读洛温的《Sundown Towns》、肯迪的《Stamped from the Beginning》以及米尔斯（Mills）的《The Racial Contract》。这些书非常适合初学者，能让人了解种族主义体系、它的历史与思想根源，以及这一切在历史上是如何演变的。
…racist? If so, I don't think there's much point in a discussion here. For those more reasonable who want to know about what anti-racism is opposed to, I'd suggest reading Loewen's Sundown Towns, Kendi's Stamped from the Beginning, and Mills's The Racial Contract as beginner-friendly looks at the system of racism, its historical and intellectual roots, and how it all played out historically.
……你对 HN 的贡献。我觉得你漏掉了一个很大的盲区，而我自己也是最近才开始看清这一点的。我很乐意跟你分享。你知道伊布拉姆·X·肯迪博士写的《Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America》这本书吗？我差不多刚读完。以前我可能还会对“刑事司法中的种族主义”、“医疗保健中的种族主义”这类说法嗤之以鼻。但读完之后，种族主义是怎样……简直是一清二楚。
…your contributions to HN. I think you're missing a big piece here that I have very recently started to see myself. I would be delighted to share with you. Are you aware of Dr. Ibram X. Kendi's book "Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America"? I am just about done reading it. Before I may have side-eyed "criminal-justice racism" "health-care racism", etc. After, it is clear as day how racism…
伊布拉姆·X·肯迪写过一本极好的书《Stamped from the Beginning》，非常透彻地解释了 SAT 和 ACT 考试从一开始本质上就只是用来阻碍美国黑人阶层流动的壁垒。到了 21 世纪，它依然起着同样的作用。……
Ibram X Kendi has an excellent book, "Stamped from the Beginning" that does a great job of explaining how SAT and ACT tests were really only ever meaningful as a barrier to class mobility for blacks in the United states. in the 21st century it does the same thing.…
这绝非偶然。我目前正在读肯迪那本极为出色的《Stamped from the Beginning》。他在书里详细阐述了在美国建国初期，贫穷的白人是如何与贫穷的黑人联合起来追求更好的经济平等的。白人精英们很快意识到这是个大麻烦，于是……
And that's no accident. I'm currently reading Kendi's excellent "Stamped from the Beginning". He goes into a fair bit of detail how early in the US's history poor whites allied with poor blacks in pursuit of better economic equality. The white elites quickly recognized this as a problem and…