让元类发挥作用
Putting Metaclasses to Work
Ira R. Forman、Scott H. Danforth · 初版 1998 年
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《Putting Metaclasses to Work》以全新的渐进式视角审视面向对象编程的重要概念，从基本原理出发构建对象模型。该对象模型的独特之处包括使用元类来封装对象属性的实现，以及对元类复用的支持。元类复用基于一种全新的继承语义，该语义利用多重继承组合对象属性来自动合并元类。本书具体演示了如何利用元类来提高程序
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Kiczales 的那本书已经有人提过了。再推荐两本：1) Abadi 和 Cardelli 写的《A Theory of Objects》。2) Forman 和 Danforth 写的《Putting Metaclasses to Work》（Guido Van Rossum 在亚马逊上推荐过！）。
The Kiczales book has already been mentioned. Two more: 1) A Theory of Objects by Abadi and Cardelli. 2) Putting Metaclasses to Work by Forman and Danforth (Guido Van Rossum recommends it on Amazon!).
……好几位架构师负责 IBM System Object Model (SOM)。在 1996-1997 年间，许多美好的事物走向了终结，SOM 也就此关停。但这套成果实在太优秀了，两位架构师并没有停步，而是写下了这本书：《Putting Metaclasses to Work》(1998)。那本书附带了 Java 的参考实现。所以我们既有 IBM SOM 的闭源二进制文件，又有 Java 源码。IBM SOM 可以在 Windows 10 上运行。我测试过 Visual Age for C++……
…several architects working on IBM System Object Model (SOM). In 1996-1997 many good things ended, and SOM was terminated. But the work was so good that two architects did not stop and wrote the book: Putting Metaclasses to Work (1998). That book has got reference implementation in Java. So we have IBM SOM as closed source binary and we have Java source codes. IBM SOM executes on Windows 10. I have checked Visual Age for C++…
……这个主题表明，C++ 或 Perl 极不可能对创造 Python 的决定或 Python 的设计产生过任何重大影响。看看 http://www.aleax.it/Python/ep03_meta.pdf 的第 4 页幻灯片：>>> 《Putting Metaclasses to Work》，作者 Ira Forman 和 Scott Danforth (AddisonWesley 1998) / 对 Python 2.2 及后续版本影响深远 /„ 基于 IBM SOMobjects 和 C++ 这还只是我想到的其中一点 :)（紧接着就是……
…subject make it seem very unlikely that C++ or Perl had any significant impact on the decision to create Python or the design of Python. Look at slide 4 of http://www.aleax.it/Python/ep03_meta.pdf: >>> "Putting Metaclasses to Work", by Ira Forman and Scott Danforth (AddisonWesley 1998) / strong influence on Python 2.2 & later / based on IBM SOMobjects & C++ That's only one thing coming to mind :) (immediately followed by the…
……在“Metaclass”（https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaclass）中，也就是类的类，结构上类似于“Kind”，不过机制上当然大不相同。我手头某处还留着一本老书，Forman 等人写的《Putting Metaclasses to Work - A New Dimension in Object-Oriented Programming》。还有一本 Kiczales 等人写的经典《The Art of the Metaobject Protocol》，在这儿也非常切题——https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Metaobject_Prot...……
…in "Metaclass" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaclass) i.e. the class of a class which is structurally similar to "Kind" though of course the mechanics are quite different. I still have an old book Putting Metaclasses to Work - A New Dimension in Object-Oriented Programming by Forman et.al somewhere. There is also the classic The Art of the Metaobject Protocol by Kiczales et.al which is quie relevant here - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Metaobject_Prot...…