意识与社会脑
Consciousness and the Social Brain
Michael S. A. Graziano · 初版 2013 年
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“什么是意识？仅仅由神经元构成的大脑又如何创造出意识？在《Consciousness and the Social Brain》中，普林斯顿大学神经科学家Michael Graziano提出了一个大胆的新理论，试图解释这一终极未解之谜。人脑进化出了一套复杂的回路，使其具备高度的社交智慧。这套社交机制直到最近才开始得到深入研究。该回路的一个重要功能是将意识赋予他人：即推断出‘某人Y对某事X是有意识的’。在Graziano的理论中，这套用于归因他人意识的机制同样将……”
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……或许是通过主动把那些“体验到的感质”（experienced qualia）归因于一个体验主体：它自己。Michael S. A. Graziano 的《Consciousness and the Social Brain》提供了一个论点，阐述了这可能是如何以及在哪些阶段通过（社会性）进化发展而来的……
... maybe by actively attributing those "experienced qualia" to an experiencing subject: it self. "Consciousness and the Social Brain" - Michael S. A. Graziano: provides a thesis on how and in what stages this could have developed via (social) evolution...
你可能会觉得 Michael S. A. Graziano 写的《Consciousness and the Social Brain》挺有意思的。它为这种现象提供了一条进化发展的路径。简而言之：意识就是“心智理论”（theory of mind）的“机制”（这套机制大概率是先演化出来的）……
You may find "Consciousness and the Social Brain" by Michael S. A. Graziano quite interesting. It provides an evolutionary path of development for this phenomenon. In short: Consciousness is the "theory of mind"-"mechanisms" (which developed prob. first)…
……凭借《A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness》赢得了学术声誉，该书至今对许多问题仍有非常精彩的剖析。目前我认为对意识最精辟的理论把握，总结在 Graziano 的《Consciousness and the Social Brain》中，在（http://selfawarepatterns.com/2014/10/16/the-attention-schema...）上有一番很有意思的讨论。这些理解意识的科学方法，其优势在于帮助我们理解……
…respectable with _A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness_ which is still a very good analysis of many of the issues. Currently I think the best theoretical grip on consciousness is summarized in Graziano's _Consciousness and the Social Brain_, interestingly discussed at (http://selfawarepatterns.com/2014/10/16/the-attention-schema...). These scientific approaches to understanding consciousness have the advantages of helping us understand…
“注意力图式理论”（The Attention Schema Theory）怎么样，它甚至为这一“现象”的进化发展提供了一个论点。顺便说句，相当值得一读：《Consciousness and the Social Brain》，2013年，牛津大学出版社 [1] http://www.princeton.edu/~graziano/Consciousness_Research.ht...
How about "The Attention Schema Theory", it even provides a thesis about the evolutionary development of the "phenomenon". Quite a read btw: "Consciousness and the Social Brain", 2013, Oxford University Press [1] http://www.princeton.edu/~graziano/Consciousness_Research.ht...
这本书以及 Graziano 的《Consciousness and the Social Brain》改变了我阅读任何历史书或世界局势分析的视角。即使它的观点并非全对，我也看到了它所带来的认知框架的价值。
This book and Consciousness and the Social Brain by Graziano have changed the way I read any history book or world analysis. I see value in the viewpoint it informs even if it's not true.
批评得很中肯，感谢你的探讨。多谢！我的思路是基于 Michael Graziano 的意识注意力图式理论（AST）。我认为他的书《Consciousness and the Social Brain》为实现 AGI 指明了正确的路线图。AST 基本上是全局工作空间理论（Global Workspace theory）的一个变体，其特色在于对意识的运作机制和功用做出了决定论式的解释。……
That’s a fair critique, and I appreciate the engagement. Thanks! My thinking is based on the Attention-Schema theory of consciousness (AST), by Michael Graziano. His book “Consciousness and the Social Brain” is, I believe, the right roadmap for AGI. AST is basically a variant of the Global Workspace theory of consciousness, distinguished by its deterministic account of the mechanics and utility of consciousness.…