人类文明中的战争
War in human civilization
Azar Gat · 初版 2006 年
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人类为何会发动战争？它根植于人类本性，还是一种较晚出现的文化发明？战争与人类文明史上的其他根本性发展有着怎样的联系？今天的战争又是怎样的——它是一种正在走向衰微的现象，还是仅仅改变了形态？在这部关于战争与文明的宏大著作中，Azar Gat 致力于对这些问题寻找明确的答案，试图揭开整个人类历史中战争的谜团，涵盖从早期狩猎采集社会一直到 21 世纪的非传统恐怖主义。在此过程中，本书产生了一种令人叹
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如果你不喜欢玩游戏，那就去读 Azar Gat 的《War In Human Civilization》。提醒一下：这书超过 800 页。Bret 的文章讲的就是这款游戏是如何巧妙地反映了 Gat 的理论（以及真实历史）。
If you don't like games, read War In Human Civilization by Azar Gat. Note: it's over 800 pp. Bret's piece is about how this game somehow manages to reflect Gat's theory (and actual history).
……我们的证据所表明的情况。这篇文章考察了现存的狩猎采集部落：https://www.economist.com/christmas-specials/2007/12/19/nobl... 要看一本深入探讨考古证据的书，请参考 Azar Gat 的《War in Human Civilization》。
…what our evidence suggests. This article examines existing hunter gatherers: https://www.economist.com/christmas-specials/2007/12/19/nobl... For a book that dives into the archaeological evidence, see War in Human Civilization by Azar Gat.
我不知道那本书究竟写得怎么样，不过我看 acoup 博客，上面经常批评那本书。相反，它推荐读者去看 Azar Gat 的《War in Human Civilization》https://www.amazon.com/War-Human-Civilization-Azar-Gat/dp/01...
I don't know how good that book actually is, but I read acoup blog and it criticizes that book very often. Instead it recommends readers to Azar Gat's War in Human Civilization instead https://www.amazon.com/War-Human-Civilization-Azar-Gat/dp/01...
……若是把日本、韩国、中国等不同视角都囊括进来，就会充满争议。通俗人类学方面，或许可以试试贾雷德·戴蒙德的《枪炮、病菌与钢铁》（Guns, Germs and Steel），或者想要更学术的视角，可以看 Azar Gat 的《War in Human Civilization》。至于日本史，Mason & Caiger 的《History of Japan》内容全面，而且读起来负担也不算太大。
…contentious points of view if you include Japanese, Korean, Chinese and other perspectives. On general anthropology, maybe try JAred Diamond's Guns, Germs and Steel or for a more academic take, Azar Gat's War in Human Civilization. For the history of Japan, Mason & Caiger's History of Japan is comprehensive without being a huge study commitment.
……欧洲新石器时代，大致在 2–5% 的数量级。概括一下：狩猎采集者：暴力致死率为 10-20%。农耕社会：2-5%。工业化社会：1-2%，甚至可能不到 1%。关于狩猎采集者、农耕社会和工业社会之间战争形态演变的详细解释，参见 Azar Gat 的《War In Human Civilization》。死于暴力的人口比例在……要高得多。
…European Neolithic, which are on the order of 2–5%. To recap: Hunter-gatherers: 10-20% rate of people die violent deaths. Agriculturalists: 2-5% Industrialized societies: 1-2%, maybe even under 1% See War In Human Civilization by Azar Gat for a detailed explanation of the shift in warfare between hunter gatherers, agriculturalists, and industrial societies. The proportion of people who died violent deaths was way higher in…
强烈推荐阅读《War in Human Civilization》，与这个主题相关的一本神作。
I highly recommend reading War in Human Civilization, excellent book related to this topic.