心灵与宇宙
Mind and cosmos
Thomas Nagel · 初版 2012 年
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为什么值得读
- 呈现唯物主义难以解释现实的论据
- 直面意识与主观体验产生的根本谜题
- 探讨科学方法论背后预设的局限性
现代唯物主义对待生命的方式显然未能解释我们世界中诸如意识、意向性、意义与价值等与心灵密切相关的核心特征。哲学家 Thomas Nagel 指出，未能解释心灵这一与自然密不可分的事物是一个重大问题，威胁着整个自然主义世界图景的瓦解，并波及生物学、演化论以及宇宙学。既然心灵是通过演化发展而来的生物系统的特征，那么演化生物学的标准唯物主义版本从根本上就是不完整的。而
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……意识从何而来？3）无中如何能生有？有大量证据表明，唯物主义并不是解释“现实”的最佳途径。如果你想看其中一些证据，可以去读读 Thomas Nagel 的《Mind and Cosmos》。
…Whence consciousness? 3) How can something come from nothing? There is a great deal of evidence that materialism is not the best explanation for Reality. If you want to see some of this evidence, read "Mind and Cosmos" by Thomas Nagel.
……革命，然而科学的这种局限性在当时比在今天得到了更普遍、更明确的承认，而今天大家对此似乎充满了各种困惑。关于这方面的一本好书是 Thomas Nagel 的《Mind and Cosmos》。我也赞同这套术语确实被搞得太晦涩了。核心词是“consciousness（意识）”，对我来说这词也经常显得含糊不清。最根本的谜团无非就是产生体验/感受的能力，而这……
…revolution, this limitation of science was, however, more generally and explicitly acknowledged than it is today, where there seems to be a lot of confusion about it. A good book on this stuff is Thomas Nagel’s Mind and Cosmos. I do agree that the terminology is unfortunately convoluted. The main term is “consciousness,” which does often seem unclear to me. The basic mystery is just the ability to experience/feel, and is…
……去维基百科或论坛。但你可以读几本书来初步了解这些想法。关于意识这个话题，偏通俗、不那么学术的有：David Chalmers 的《Reality+》、Thomas Nagel 的《Mind and Cosmos》，以及 Phillip Goff 的《Galileo's Error》，这些书会给你展示一系列很有意思的观点。哲学论证的特点就在于，它们源自一张非常古老且盘根错节的思想之网，一直……
…a wiki or forum. But you can read some books that begin to introduce these ideas. On the topic of consciousness, less academic and more slated towards general audience: Reality+ by David Chalmers and Mind and Cosmos by Thomas Nagel and Galileo's Error by Phillip Goff will give you and interesting gamut of ideas. The thing about arguments in philosophy is that they span from a very old web of thought that has been…
……也搞不定语义学，但它们实际上做到了！）如果这还不够，因《What is it like to be a bat?》闻名的 Nagel 在他最近的新书《Mind and Cosmos》中证明了唯物主义假说几乎肯定是错的。http://www.Amazon.com/Mind-Cosmos-Materialist-Neo-Darwinian-... 但全世界也没人在意 Nagel。因为真要在意的话，就得掀起一场极其宏大的库恩式范式革命（Kuhnian revolution），而这并不是……
…couldn't do semantics either, but they do!) If this wasn't enough, Nagel (of "What is it like to be a bat?" fame) has shown that the materialistic hypothesis is almost certainly wrong, in his recent book "Mind and Cosmos". http://www.Amazon.com/Mind-Cosmos-Materialist-Neo-Darwinian-... But the world pays no attention to Nagel either. To do so would be to have a Kuhnian revolution of epic proportions, and that is not…
……副现象（epiphenomenal）。意图到底是如何影响物理世界的——就像我们的意识驱使身体运动时所发生的那样？这里关于心身问题（mind-body problem）的答案究竟是什么？我刚读完 Thomas Nagel 的《Mind and Cosmos》，它尖锐指出了用还原论解释意识、认知和价值时存在的一些突出问题。我认为这些东西绝不仅仅是物质的一种状态。http://www.amazon.ca/Mind-Cosmos-Materialist-Neo-Darwinian-C...
…epiphenomenal. How do intentions affect the physical world as seems to be happening when our minds move our bodies? What is the solution, here, to the mind-body problem? I just finished reading Thomas Nagel's "Mind and Cosmos" which highlights some of the salient issues with reductionist explanations of consciousness, cognition, and value. I don't think these things are just a state of matter. http://www.amazon.ca/Mind-Cosmos-Materialist-Neo-Darwinian-C...
我最近一直在读 Thomas Nagel 的《Mind and Cosmos》，虽然我觉得这书写得确实很烂，而且 Nagel 对进化论简直一窍不通，但我必须承认他提出了一个非常棒的观点：科学方法本身就预设了……
I've been reading Thomas Nagel's "Mind and Cosmos" recently, and while I think it's actually a really terrible book and Nagel is incredibly uninformed on the theory of evolution, I do think he makes one really good point: the scientific method presupposes…