怀疑的商人
Merchants of Doubt
Naomi Oreskes、Erik M. Conway · 初版 2010 年
32人推荐
43位读者提及
71次提及
为什么值得读
- 详尽记录从烟草危害到全球变暖的公众舆论操弄
- 揭露利益集团雇佣无关领域科学家散布质疑的手法
- 采用近乎法律与学术层面的严谨证据进行剖析
《Merchants of Doubt》讲述了一群高层科学家和科学顾问的故事，他们组织松散却在政界与商界有着深厚人脉，在四十多年间发起了一系列卓有成效的舆论攻势，误导公众并否认确凿的科学知识，掩盖吸烟与肺癌、煤烟与酸雨以及 CFC 与臭氧层空洞之间的关联。
Hacker News 上怎么说
正在加载完整评论……
……试图在酸雨、吸烟与二手烟危害、臭氧层空洞、全球变暖、战略防御倡议（星球大战计划）以及禁用DDT等议题上左右公众舆论。我推荐《贩卖怀疑的商人》（Merchants of Doubt）这本书[1]，里面对此进行了极其详尽的记录。[1] http://www.amazon.com/Merchants-Doubt-Handful-Scientists-Obs...
…attempted to sway public opinion on acid rain, the dangers of smoking and secondhand smoke, the ozone hole, global warming, the Strategic Defense Initiative, and the banning of DDT. I recommend the book Merchants of Doubt [1], which documents this in exacting detail. [1] http://www.amazon.com/Merchants-Doubt-Handful-Scientists-Obs...
同样，可以看看奥利斯基斯（Oreskes）和康威（Conway）写的《贩卖怀疑的商人》（Merchants of Doubt）。一小撮科学家（他们本人的研究领域有时甚至跟议题八竿子打不着）经常被各类商业利益集团的皮包公司雇佣，去否认……
Similarly, see "Merchants of Doubt" by Oreskes and Conway. A small number of scientists (whose scientific field is sometimes barely or even not-at-all related) routinely get hired by front companies for various business interests to deny…
……贯穿公共政策的整个生命周期：起草、博弈谈判、实施和修订。目前特殊利益集团花钱买到了远超正常份额的压倒性影响力。另见：《贩卖怀疑的商人》（Merchants of Doubt）。
…in the full lifecycle of public policy: authoring, negotiation, implementation and revision. Special interest bias currently has purchased more than it's fair share of overriding influence. See also: Merchants of Doubt
如果能帮你理清这些事情的话，记住一点很有用：这些套路（甚至包括很多台前人物！）几乎没有哪个是石油行业独有的。《贩卖怀疑的商人》（Merchants of Doubt）[1]几乎是以法律/学术研究的严谨方式深入剖析了这种套路：https://www.amazon.com/Merchants-Doubt-Handful-Scientists-Ob... 电影《感谢你抽烟》（Thank You For Smoking）讲的也是同样的核心观点，不过是一部半讽刺喜剧：……
If it helps you triangulate these things, its worth keeping in mind that very little of these tactics (and even many of the actors!) are unique to the oil industry. Merchants of Doubt [1] goes into the pattern in an almost legal/academic way: https://www.amazon.com/Merchants-Doubt-Handful-Scientists-Ob... Thank You For Smoking tells the same basic message but as a semi-satirical movie:…
……诸如此类。这和我提到过的烟草公司用的套路一模一样，全球变暖否定论者和DDT支持者也是这么干的。我建议读读埃里克·M·康威和娜奥米·奥利斯基斯的书《贩卖怀疑的商人：一小撮科学家如何掩盖从烟草到气候变暖的真相》（Merchants of Doubt）。还有，别再引用维基百科了。去争论伊维菌素（Ivermectin）能做什么不能做什么，或者这个事实该如何呈现……
…and so forth. It's the same tactics used by the tobacco companies, as I mentioned, and also global warming denialists and proponents of DDT. I recommend reading Erik M. Conway and Naomi Oreskes book Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Climate Change And stop quoting Wikipedia. Arguing over what Ivermectin can or can't do or how that fact is presented…
……企业雇来的托儿们明知自己的立场站不住脚，却依然积极且蓄意地在这个问题上混淆视听。娜奥米·奥利斯基斯和埃里克·康威在《贩卖怀疑的商人》（Merchants of Doubt）中极其精彩地还原了这段历史的大部分细节。另外还有二氧化碳排放对全球气温和海洋化学成分的影响这个“小问题”，早在1880年代就已知晓，1950年代起就被确认为重大威胁，但依然……
…corporate shills actively and deliberately sowed confusion on the matter, knowing full well that their position was false. Naomi Oreskes and Eric Conway have covered much of this history excellently in Merchants of Doubt. And there's the little matter of carbon dioxide emissions and their effects on global tempeatures and ocean chemistry, known since the 1880s, and recognised as a major threat since the 1950s, but still…