……这个话题，可以去看看克拉克·科尔（Clark Kerr）的《大学的功用》（The Uses of the University）最新版，书中梳理了从战后至今美国大学的演变。路易斯·梅南（Louis Menand）的《思想的市场》（The Marketplace of Ideas）也非常棒。（免责声明：我的博士论文写的就是学术小说。）
…the subject, take a look at the latest edition of Clark Kerr's book The Uses of the University, which traces changes in American universities from the post-War period to the present. Louis Menand's The Marketplace of Ideas is also very good. (Disclaimer: I'm writing my dissertation on academic novels.)
…"discover" American literature and find exemplary American texts of the sort that were needed to instil a sense of unity in a country of disparate immigrant groups. Menand discusses some of this in The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University, which is an interesting and wonderful book. I wrote more about the book here: http://jakeseliger.com/2010/01/21/problems-in-the-academy-lo...
…to hire postdocs. Now, where do you go when you graduate? (Hint: you don't, unless you already have a job lined up.) Indeed. Those who want to know more about this issue should read Louis Menand's The Marketplace of Ideas, which I think I've recommended before on HN: http://jseliger.com/2010/01/21/problems-in-the-academy-louis... .
…market." And you know what? You're right. I'm in English Lit grad school, and the number one thing I tell other people who are contemplating it is not to go. Then I tell them to read Louis Menand's The Marketplace of Ideas and Thomas Benton's articles: http://chronicle.com/article/The-Big-Lie-About-the-Life-of/6... .
If you want to know more about the problems with the structure of academia (as well as how it came to be), see Louis Menand's The Marketplace of Ideas: http://jseliger.com/2010/01/21/problems-in-the-academy-louis... , which I write about at the link.
…disciplines take two years, although many students stretch it to three; PhDs take somewhere between five and ten. Ten is the median for English PhDs and many others these days, according to Louis Menand in The Marketplace of Ideas (http://www.amazon.com/Marketplace-Ideas-Resistance-American-...): "People who received their PhDs in English between 1982 and 1985 had a median time to degree of ten years. A third of them took more…
……这个话题，可以去看看克拉克·科尔（Clark Kerr）的《大学的功用》（The Uses of the University）最新版，书中梳理了从战后至今美国大学的演变。路易斯·梅南（Louis Menand）的《思想的市场》（The Marketplace of Ideas）也非常棒。（免责声明：我的博士论文写的就是学术小说。）
…the subject, take a look at the latest edition of Clark Kerr's book The Uses of the University, which traces changes in American universities from the post-War period to the present. Louis Menand's The Marketplace of Ideas is also very good. (Disclaimer: I'm writing my dissertation on academic novels.)
……“发现”美国文学，并挖掘出具典范性的美国文本——而这类文本恰恰是让一个由形形色色移民群体组成的国家凝聚出认同感所必需的。梅南在《思想的市场：美国大学的改革与抗拒》里讨论了其中一部分内容，那是一本既有趣又精彩的书。我在这篇博文里写了更多关于这本书的看法：http://jakeseliger.com/2010/01/21/problems-in-the-academy-lo...
…"discover" American literature and find exemplary American texts of the sort that were needed to instil a sense of unity in a country of disparate immigrant groups. Menand discusses some of this in The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University, which is an interesting and wonderful book. I wrote more about the book here: http://jakeseliger.com/2010/01/21/problems-in-the-academy-lo...
……去招博士后。那么，毕业之后你何去何从？（提示：你哪儿也去不了，除非你早就找好了下家。）确实如此。想进一步了解这个议题的人，应该读读路易斯·梅南的《思想的市场》，我记得之前在 HN 上推荐过：http://jseliger.com/2010/01/21/problems-in-the-academy-louis... 。
…to hire postdocs. Now, where do you go when you graduate? (Hint: you don't, unless you already have a job lined up.) Indeed. Those who want to know more about this issue should read Louis Menand's The Marketplace of Ideas, which I think I've recommended before on HN: http://jseliger.com/2010/01/21/problems-in-the-academy-louis... .
……市场。”你知道吗？你说得很对。我正在读英国文学研究生院，而我对那些正在考虑考研的人说的第一句话就是：千万别去。接着我会让他们去读路易斯·梅南的《思想的市场》和托马斯·本顿（Thomas Benton）的文章：http://chronicle.com/article/The-Big-Lie-About-the-Life-of/6... 。
…market." And you know what? You're right. I'm in English Lit grad school, and the number one thing I tell other people who are contemplating it is not to go. Then I tell them to read Louis Menand's The Marketplace of Ideas and Thomas Benton's articles: http://chronicle.com/article/The-Big-Lie-About-the-Life-of/6... .
如果你想深入了解学术界体制存在的问题（以及它是如何演变成如今这副模样的），可以看看路易斯·梅南的《思想的市场》：http://jseliger.com/2010/01/21/problems-in-the-academy-louis... ，我在链接里写了相关书评。
If you want to know more about the problems with the structure of academia (as well as how it came to be), see Louis Menand's The Marketplace of Ideas: http://jseliger.com/2010/01/21/problems-in-the-academy-louis... , which I write about at the link.
……学科需要两年，虽然很多学生会拖到三年；博士一般要读五到十年。根据路易斯·梅南在《思想的市场》（http://www.amazon.com/Marketplace-Ideas-Resistance-American-...）里的说法，如今英语及很多其他专业的博士学制中位数是十年：“在1982至1985年间拿到英语博士学位的人，取得学位的耗时中位数是十年。其中有三分之一花的时间甚至更……
…disciplines take two years, although many students stretch it to three; PhDs take somewhere between five and ten. Ten is the median for English PhDs and many others these days, according to Louis Menand in The Marketplace of Ideas (http://www.amazon.com/Marketplace-Ideas-Resistance-American-...): "People who received their PhDs in English between 1982 and 1985 had a median time to degree of ten years. A third of them took more…